Californium ionization energies

Desorption ionization (DI). General term to encompass the various procedures (e.g., secondary ion mass spectrometry, fast-atom bombardment, californium fission fragment desorption, thermal desorption) in which ions are generated directly from a solid or liquid sample by energy input. Experimental conditions must be clearly stated. 

This method was developed by MacFarlane [93], who, in order to induce desorption, used high kinetic energy fragments ( Tc, 100 MeV) produced by nuclear fission of californium. Different ionization modes may occur electron transfer (M and M ) [94], proton transfer ([M + H] and [M-H] ) and, finally, cationization ([M + Na] ). Figure 13 shows the comparison of spectra obtained under PDMS-conditioned laser desorption. 

---