Calcium hydroxide, optical

The first, total synthesis of sugar-like compounds was performed as early as 1861 in that year, Butlerov2 reported the formation of methylenitan on treatment of aqueous formaldehyde with calcium hydroxide. The first, defined sugar derivative, DL-mannitol ( a-acrit ), was obtained by Emil Fischer and Tafel,3 and the first, optically active, totally synthetic sugars, D- and L-mannose and D- and L-fructose, were also prepared by Fischer.4... 

Catalytic hydrogenation of LXVI in the presence of Raney nickel and calcium hydroxide afforded methyl 2-desoxy-/3-D-riboside (LXVII). This on hydrolysis with dilute acetic acid yielded 2-desoxy-D-ribose, which was isolated as the aniline 2-desoxy-D-riboside. Likewise dehalo-genation of LXV gave methyl 3-desoxy-/3-D-riboside (LXVIII). The position of the desoxy group in LXVIII was established by hydrolyzing it and hydrogenating the product. The resultant desoxypentitol and its tetrabenzoate were both optically inactive, indicating that the... 

Cristol and his co-workers have carried out the hydrolysis of the optically active 2-octyl nitrate in alkaline and neutral media. The alkaline hydrolysis was performed in the presence of sodium hydroxide both in 92.6% ethanol, where the participation of the ethoxide ion should be taken into account, and in a 64% aqueous solution of dioxane. The neutral hydrolysis was carried out in a 70% acetone solution in the presence of calcium carbonate. 

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