Calcium chloride grafting

The effects of giving calcium chloride 10 mg/kg after induction of anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, and pancuronium have been investigated in 58 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bjq)ass grafting (16). Calcium chloride reduced the fall in arterial blood pressure and prevented the reductions in heart rate, stroke volume index, cardiac index, and cardiac output, compared with placebo. Propofol reduces the availabihty of calcium to the myocardial cells, and calcium chloride effectively minimizes the hemodynamic effects of... 

Tritapepe L, Voci P, Marino P, Cogliati AA, Rossi A, Bottari B, Di Marco P, Menichetti A. Calcium chloride minimizes the hemodynamic effects of propofol in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Vase Anesth 1999 13(2) 150-3. 

A 72-year-old man developed hypotension and generalized urticaria during protamine infusion after coronary artery bypass grafting [216 ]. There was no response to adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin, diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone, calcium chloride, and crystalloid boluses, but 15 minutes after the administration of methylthioninium chloride 100 mg the blood pressure stabilized. 

Table 11.3 The effect of variation calcium chloride on the percentage of loading content, loading efficiency of BSA for grafted and mixed beads...

Typical values for mf n are 0.5 to 2.5. Gommercially used bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide (lime), magnesium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium alurninate, calcium carbonate, or various mixtures. For certain appHcations, PAG can be made from waste grades of aluminum chloride [7446-70-0] such as spent catalyst solutions from Friedel-Grafts synthesis (see Friedel-Grafts reaction). 

The addition of small amounts of various stabilizers to untreated or polybutadiene-grafted PVC decreased the rate of hydrogen chloride evolution. Thus, as shown in Figure 1, 0.15 phr which is less than 10% of the recommended amounts of a mixture of non-toxic calcium-zinc stabilizers, increased the time for 0.1 mole % dehydrochlorination of suspension polymerized PVC from 28 to 36 minutes and of Type M PVC prepared from the suspension polymer from 41 to 47 minutes. Type P PVC prepared from the same polymer required 49 minutes for the same extent of dehydrochlorination. 

Surface grafting of barium sulfate is interesting Ifom the point of view of the kinetics of such reactions. Barium sulfate like calcium carbonate, is an inert filler. So it is necessary to modify its surface. First, barium chloride is reacted with sodium sulfate in the presence of a small amount of sodium 12-hydroxystearate. This introduces a controlled number of hydroxyl stearate sites onto the barium sulfate surface. The reaction is followed by a redox graft polymerization of acrylamide initiated by the hydroxyl stearate groups and ceric ion as a catalyst. Figures 6.9 to 6.11 show the effect of reaction substrates concentrations on polymerization rate. 

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