Calcium-bromine-iron cycles

Calcium-Bromine-Iron Cycle The calcium-bromine-iron (Ca-Br, or UT-3) cycle involves solid-gas interactions that may facilitate the reagent-product separations, as opposed to the all-fluid interactions in the SI cycle, but it will introduce the problems of solids handling, support, and attrition. This process is formed of the following reactions (Doctor et al., 2002) ... 

A recent screening of several hundred possible reactions (Besenbruch et al 2001) has identified two candidate thermochemical cycles for hydrogen production from water (i.e., cycles that enable chemical reactions to take place at high temperatures) with high potential for efficiency and practical applicability to nuclear heat sources. These are the sulfur-iodine (S-I) and calcium-bromine-iron (Ca-Br) cycles. Also, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has identified the copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) thermochemical cycle for this purpose (Doctor et al 2002). A hybrid sulfur-based process that does not require iodine but has a single electrochemical... 

The 4-step UT-3 tbermochemical cycle with bromine-calcium-iron developed at Tokyo University is considered in Japan to be superior to many other thermochemical cycles. It has been successfully transferred into a bench-scale continuous model plant MASCOT. The system (Fig. 4-9) consists of four reactor furnaces containing the solid reactants CaBr2, CaO, Fe203, and FeBr2, respectively, which are manufactured as spherical pellets. Only gases are passed through the reactors which eases material flow control. Eleven cycles have been completed with a yield of 0.2 - 0.3 1 of hydrogen per cycle [59, 90]. 

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