Calcium amperometric detection

M.W. Li, D.M. Spence and R.S. Martin, A microchip-based system for immobilizing PC 12 cells and amperometrically detecting catecholamines released after stimulation with calcium, Electroanalysis, 17 (2005) 1171-1180. 

The various tunable properties of zeolites have inspired a great variety of concepts in electrochemistry with zeolite-modified electrodes. For example, silver ions inside the zeolite pore system arc not electrochemically active in amperometric detection. Flowever, indirect analyte detection can occur when the analyte causes the removal of silver ions into the solution where they are electrochemically detected.[94] This indirect approach was extended to different copper-exchanged zeolites and demonstrated for the detection of several non-elcctroactive ions including alkali metal, ammonium and calcium.[95] A zeolite-modified electrode (ZME) with high selectivity towards Pb over Cd in cyclic voltammetry was prepared via electrophoretic deposition of zeolite Y, coated with Nafion.[96]... 

Li, M., Spence, D. M., Martin, R. S. A microchip-based PC 12 cell reactor Determination of immobilization conditions and amperometric detection of catecholamines released upon stimulation with calcium. Electroanalogy, 2005,17, 1171-1180. 

The ntility of combining electrochemical and spectroscopic detection has also been demonstrated. Xin and Wightman demonstrated simnltaneons detection of catecholamine exocytosis and calcinm-ion release from single bovine chromaffin cells with a dual amperometric/calcinm-selective dye-bound fluorescence sensor and demonstrated that catecholamine and calcium release were temporally and spatially correlated (25). In microelectrode measnrements, individual exocytotic events associated with neurotransmitter release appear as spikes with the area of the amperometric spikes providing a... 

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