Spinal anaesthesia Caesarean section

Spinal and epidural techniques are shown to provide effective anaesthesia for caesarean section. Spinal block differs from an epidiual block in a number of ways ... 

Pinder AJ, Dresner M, Calow C, Shorten GD, O Riordan J, Johnson R. Haemodynamic changes caused by oxytocin during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Int J Obstet Anesth 2002 ll(3) 156-9. 

Ng K, Parsons J, Cyna AM, Middleton P. Spinal versus epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 CD003765. 

Cowan CM, Kendall JB, Barclay PM, Wilkes RG. Comparison of intrathecal fentanyl and diamorphine in addition to bupivacaine for caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2002 89(3) 452-8. 

Spinal anaesthesia is now used more commonly then epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section. The vast majority of Caesarean sections are now undertaken with regional rather than general... 

Fujii Y, Tanaka H, Toyooka H. Prevention of nausea and vomiting with granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide during and after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998 42(8) 921-5. 

Kiran S, Singal NK. A comparative study of three different doses of 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in elective caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth 2002 ll(3) 185-9. 

Chan YK, Gopinathan R, Rajendram R. Loss of consciousness following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2000 85(3) 474-6. 

Yu SC, Ngan Kee WD, Kwan AS. Addition of meperidine to bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2002 88(3) 379-83. 

Webb AA, Shipton EA. Re-evaluation of i.m. ephedrine as prophylaxis against hypotension associated with spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Can J Anaesth 1998 45(4) 367-369. 

Alahuhta S, Rasanen J, Jouppila P, Jouppila R, Hollmen Al. Ephedrine and phenylephrine for avoiding maternal hypotension due to spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Effects on uteroplacental and fetal haemodynamics, hit J Obstet Anesth 1992 1(3) 129-34. 

Hall PA, Bennett A, Wilkes MP, Lewis M. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section comparison of infusions of phenylephrine and ephedrine. Br J Anaesth 1994 73(4) 471-4. 

Ayorinde BT, Buczkowski P, Brown J, Shah J, Buggy DJ. Evaluation of preemptive intramuscular phenylephrine and ephedrine for reduction of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension during Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2001 86 (3) 372-6. 

Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS, Lau TK, Ng FF, Chui K, Ng KL. Randomised double-blinded comparison of phenylephrine vs ephedrine for maintaining blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for non-elective Caesarean section. Anaesthesia 2008 63 (12) 1319-26. 

Adigun TA, Amanor-Boadu SD, Soyaimwo OA. Comparison of intravenous ephedrine with phenylephrine for the maintenance of arterial blood pressure during elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Afr J Med Med Sci 2010 39(1) 13-20. 

Shahriari A, Khooshideh M, Heidari MH. Prevention of nausea and vomiting in caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia with midazolam or metoclopramide J Pak Med Assoc 2009 59 756-9. 

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