Butterfly angle

The Clinical-Molecular Interface Butterfly Angles in Tricyclic Drugs... 

Figure 1.15 The Butterfly Angle . Tricyclic drugs consist of anticonvulsants (carbamazepine), antidepressants (amitriptyline), and antipsychotics (chlorpromazine). Although aU three families consist of three interconnected ring systems, the orientation between the rings varies, imparting a different spectrum of bioactivity.

A wider open butterfly angle is found in the tetrameric arylcopper [J] 194, 263), whereas a similar alkylcopper [-7] 225, 269) has a square arrangement of copper atoms. 

TABLE 30 Crystal Luminescence of Lepidopterenes Butterfly-Angles Between Upper (A B) and Lower (C D) Aromatic Rings, and Length (I) of Central Single Bond of Dimethyllepidopterene (DM-L), Lepidopterene (L), and Tetrachloro-Lepidopterene (CI4-L) , , (cf. Ref. 136)... 

Compounds of the (8.245) kind appear to have either a closed tetrahedrane (8.246a) or an open butterfly (8.246b) configuration. In compounds of the latter type, M-M bonding should be minimal. The butterfly angle (0) between planes PPM and PPM will be influenced by the electron requirements of the two metal atoms, and perhaps by steric factors. In complexes of this type, the P2 unit is believed to act as a 4, 6 or 8 electron donor. 

Per hardware globe control valve (sin e port or double port), rotaiy ecwjtrol valve (ball, plug, or butterfly), angle control valve. 

When actual mass flow through the expanders is lowered, efficiency varies according to power loss, deflective angle of gas in the leading edge of the rotating blades, and pressure drop across the inlet butterfly valve. The pressure drop increases as the valve closes. 

Fig. 7. The solid state structures of the di(pyridyl)methanide [53], -amide [52], -phos-phide[27] 13 and -arsenide [43] all containing the Me2Al cationic fragment. Although the Al-N distance is almost invariant in all structures the more acute C-E-C angle (As < P < N < CH) forces the complex in a more pronounced butterfly arrangement...

A novel cyclooctaphane (94) (Fig. 57) was assembled by the condensation reaction between the C,C -dicopper(I) derivative of m-carborane and l,2-bis(4-iodophenyl)-o-carborane.124 The macrocycle was found to adopt a butterfly (dihedral angle 143°) confirmation with the o-carborane units at the wingtips and the phenylene ring planes roughly perpendicular to the wing planes of the confirmation. 

Tetraalkyl-9,10-dihydrodistannaanthracenes 4 have been prepared via the lithiation73 or the magnesiation of 1,2-dibromobenzene,166 followed by reaction with R2SnCl2. The tetramethyl derivative is butterfly shaped with a dihedral angle of 142°, but the tetra-/-butyl derivative is planar.73 The stannepin 5 and stannolane 6 were obtained as byproducts of the former reaction. 

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