Butanes thermodynamic properties

The properties of butane and isobutane have been summarized ia Table 5 and iaclude physical, chemical, and thermodynamic constants, and temperature-dependent parameters. Graphs of several physical properties as functions of temperature have been pubUshed (17) and thermodynamic properties have been tabulated as functions of temperature (12). 

Heintz, A., Lehman, J.K., and Wertz, Ch., Thermodynamic properties of mixtures containing ionic liquids. 3. Liquid-liquid equilibria of binary mixtures of l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with propan-l-ol, butan-l-ol, and pentan-l-ol, /. Chem. Eng. Data, 48, 472, 2003. 

Benedict, M., Webb, G.B., and Rubin, L.C. An Empirical Equation for Thermodynamic Properties of Light Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures, I. Methane, Ethane, Propane and n-Butane, J. Chem. Phys. (April 1940) 8, 334-345. 

At Berkeley, Kenneth Pitzer and Samuel Ruben recommended use of nontoxic butane instead of highly toxic phosgene for the field studies of gas cloud dissipation. Phosgene is poisonous, dangerous to handle, and difficult to analyze in the field. Butane has similar thermodynamic properties and would be transported by air in the same way as phosgene. Sam Ruben and Bill Gwinn had developed a simple, ingenious, practical way to measure and record trace amounts of butane in air. In the late summer and early... 

TABLE 2-235 Thermodynamic Properties of 2-Methyl Butane (Isopentane)... 

The values in these tables were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23 Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermodynamic properties is Buecker, D., and Wagner, W, Reference Equations of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of Fluid Phase n-Butane and Isobutane, /. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 35(2) 929-1019, 2006. The source for viscosity is Vogel, E., Kuechenmeister, C., Bich, E., and Laesecke, A., Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of Propane, /. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 27(5) 947-970, 1998. The source for thermal conductivity is Marsh, K., Perkins, R., and Ramires, M. L. V, Measurement and Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Propane from 86 to 600 K at Pressures to 70 MPa, /. Chem. Eng. Data 47(4) 932-940, 2002. 

Such a series of experiments as has been outlined above., are rarely necessary nowadays. For most compounds the necessary experiments have already been carried out and the thermodynamic properties are tabulated as in Appendix 1. For instance, in the case of the butanes we would merely look up the standard free-energy changes on formation in thermodynamic tables. We find... 

S. S. Chen, R. C. Wilhoit and B. J. Zwolinski, Ideal gas thermodynamic properties and isomerization of n-butane and isobutane , J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 4, 859 (1975). Review and evaluation of structural parameters (including vibrational frequencies and internal rotation properties) tabulation of thermodynamic properties [C°, S°, (H°-H°)/T, (G°-H°)/T] for 0statistical thermodynamic methods (RRHO approximation). 

---