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Butane limiting oxygen concentrations

The oxidation of butane (or butylene or mixtures thereof) to maleic anhydride is a successful example of the replacement of a feedstock (in this case benzene) by a more economical one (Table 1, entry 5). Process conditions are similar to the conventional process starting from aromatics or butylene. Catalysts are based on vanadium and phosphorus oxides [11]. The reaction can be performed in multitubular fixed bed or in fluidized bed reactors. To achieve high selectivity the conversion is limited to <20 % in the fixed bed reactor and the concentration of C4 is limited to values below the explosion limit of approx. 2 mol% in the feed of fixed bed reactors. The fluidized-bed reactor can be operated above the explosion limits but the selectivity is lower than for a fixed bed process. The synthesis of maleic anhydride is also an example of the intensive process development that has occurred in recent decades. In the 1990s DuPont developed and introduced a so called cataloreactant concept on a technical scale. In this process hydrocarbons are oxidized by a catalyst in a high oxidation state and the catalyst is reduced in this first reaction step. In a second reaction step the catalyst is reoxidized separately. DuPont s circulating reactor-regenerator principle thus limits total oxidation of feed and products by the absence of gas phase oxygen in the reaction step of hydrocarbon oxidation [12]. [Pg.16]


See other pages where Butane limiting oxygen concentrations is mentioned: [Pg.221]    [Pg.32]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.795]    [Pg.930]    [Pg.153]    [Pg.110]    [Pg.146]    [Pg.648]    [Pg.214]    [Pg.572]    [Pg.577]    [Pg.579]    [Pg.794]    [Pg.123]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.239 ]




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