Butadiene/1 -butene

Metal Temp. (°C) C2 yield (%) Butadiene 1-Butene tra ns-But-2-ene ej s-But-2-ene Butane... 

We have tested the above hypothesis by investigating the activation of the C-H bonds of /z-butane and iso-butane and the C=C bonds of 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene and iso-butene on clean V(110) and on VC/V(110) surfaces by using HREELS and TDS.5 Figure 24.6 shows the TDS results following the reaction of/j-butane from clean and carbide-modified V(110) surfaces. For each set of TDS experiments, the clean and carbon-modified V(110) surfaces were exposed to identical exposures of /z-butane at 80 K. Desorption peaks from both parent molecules and the decomposition product (hydrogen) are compared. As shown in Figure 24.6, the adsorption of /z-butane on clean V(110) is completely reversible, as indicated by the absence of any H2 desorption peak. On the carbide-modified surfaces, the peak area of molecularly desorbed /z-butane decreases, which is accompanied by an increase in the peak area of H2 at approximately 500 K. Both observations indicate that the fraction of n-butane undergoing decomposition is increased on the carbide-modified surfaces. 

The results of an experimental Investigation are presented for the separation of mixtures of 1,3-butadiene and 1-butene at near critical conditions with mixed and single solvent gases. Ammonia was used as an entrainer to enhance the separation. Several non-polar solvents were used which included ethylene, ethane and carbon dioxide, as well as mixtures of each of these gases with ammonia in concentrations of 2, 5, 8 and 10% by volume. Each solvent and solvent mixture was studied with respect to its ability to remove 1-butene from an equimolar mixture of 1,3-butadiene/ 1-butene. Maximum selectivities of 1.4 to 1.8 were measured at a pressure of 600 psia and a temperature of 20 C in mixtures containing 5%-8% by volume of ammonia in ethylene. All other solvents showed little or no success in promoting separation of the mixture. The experimental results are reported for ethylene/ ammonia mixtures and are shown to be in fair agreement with VLE flash calculations predicted independently by a modified two parameter R-K type of equation of state. 

We have applied some of these principles to the extraction of 1-butene from a binary mixture of 1,3-butadiene/1-butene. Various mixtures of sc solvents (e.g., ethane, carbon dioxide, ethylene) are used in combination with a strongly polar solvent gas like ammonia. The physical properties of these components are shown in Table I. The experimental results were then compared with VLE predictions using a newly developed equation of state (18). The key feature of this equation is a new set of mixing rules based on statistical mechanical arguments. We have been able to demonstrate its agreement with a number of binary and ternary systems described in the literature, containing various hydrocarbon compounds, a number of selected polar compounds and a supercritical component. 

With the second approach to the preparation of the catalytic system, only methylenebis(dichloroaluminium) was prepared by an electrolytic reaction31. In the flow sheet proposed in the patent, between the electrolytic cell and the polymerization vessel a mixing reactor is interposed, where the various transition metal derivatives are added to the aluminium containing solution. Following this method other monomers, such as butadiene, 1-butene (copolymerized with ethylene), and vinyl chloride were successfully polymerized. 

Thermal reactions of ethylene (A>A) require higher temperatures (750- 800 C) than the other olefins. Initial reaction products are butadiene, 1-butene, propylene, ethane and acetylene. 

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