Burner, Fletcher

Method of Procedure. — The experiment is begun by heating the steam generator and the flask simultaneously, the former conveniently by means of a low burner (Fletcher burner). The flask may be heated on a wire gauze over a free flame but since at... 

An enameled bucket placed on a Fletcher radial burner serves well for this purpose. 

The ofl bath is heated to 250°, and the superheater is heated with an ordinary Fletcher burner. The steam must be dried carefully and its temperature should be about 300°. If the distillation is carried out well, 1 part of base can be distilled with 2 parts of water. The diphenylamine is obtained as a colorless liquid which solidifies to a light yellow cake. It is obtained completely pure by pouring off the water. The yield of product melting at 51° is about 100 grams. About 35 grams of aniline can be recovered from the acidic mother liquors. 

The fusion apparatus described on page 87 (Fig. 14) is placed directly over a small Fletcher burner and charged with 200 grams of solid, chlorate-free sodium hydroxide in large sticks, and 60 cc. water. (Fusions using chlorate-containing alkali give lower yields and are. 

In a large lead-lined vessel, 300 grams of sublimed, still moist, anthracene (calculated on the basis of 100 per cent product) is stirred with 6 liters of water and 600 grams of sodium bichromate. The mixture is heated to 80°C. over a Fletcher burner, and 1800 grams of 50 per cent sulfuric acid is added over a period of 10 hours. Chromic-acid should always be present, and the mixture should be stirred with a wooden or glass rod. Finally, the mixture is boiled for 2 hours, replacing the water lost by evaporation. The precipitate is then filtered off and washed thoroughly. The mother liquor can be worked up to recover chrome alum or chromic sulfate. 

Heating is done with a Fletcher burner, and later heat is applied by a good Bunsen burner placed directly under the center of the autoclave and not with several burners supplying heat to different areas. The autoclave should be protected from drafts by means of a sheet metal... 

Low-NOx burners alter the near-bumer aerodynamics of the combustor. This alteration infiu-ences the devolatilization process and therefore influences the amount and chemical form of nitrogen released during devolatilization (Solomon and Fletcher, 1994). Low-NOx burners provide a less expensive emission control strategy and are often the method of choice to limit the amount of nitrogen oxides formed during combustion. 

---