Burghardt

Gaspard P and Burghardt I (ed) 1997 XXth Solvay Conf on Chemistry Chemical Reactions and their Control on the Femtosecond Time Scale (Adv. Chem. Phys. 101) (New York Wiley)... 

Thanks are due to Luis Blancafoit, Mike Beaipark, Ireoe Burghardt, and Adelaida Sanchez-Galvez for reading the manuscript, and for helpful hints in the presentation of this material. 

Burghardt, M. D., Engineering Thermodynamics with Applications, Second Edition, Harper and Row, New York, 1982. 

SCOTT F W, ROWSELL P, WANG G S, BURGHARDT K, KOLB H, FLOHE S (2002) Oral exposure tO diabetes-promoting food or immunomodulators in neonates alters gut cytokines and diabetes. Diabetes. 51 73-8. 

Burghardt G. (1980). Behavioral and stimulus correlates of vomeronasal functioning in reptiles feeding, grouping, sex and tongue use. In Chemical Signals Vertebrates and Aquatic Invertebrates 1 (Miiller-Schwarze D. and Silverstein R.M., eds.). Plenum, New York, pp. 275-302. 

Meredith M. and Burghardt G. (1978). Electrophysiological studies of the tongue and accessory olfactory bulb in garter snakes. Physiol Behav 21, 1001-1108. 

Terrick T.D., Mumme R.L. and Burghardt G.M. (1995). Aposematic coloration enchances chemosensory recognition of noxious prey in the garter snake Thamnophis radix. Anim Behav 49, 857-866. 

It is well known that the chemical senses play a critical role in the behavior of snakes (Halpern, 1987, 1992 Mason 1992 and Schwenk 1995). Tongue-flicking, a chemosensory behavior pattern unique to snakes and lizards (Gove 1979 Schwenk 1993), serves as the primary vehicle for transfer of chemical substances to the vomeronasal organ (Burghardt and Pruitt 1975 Graves and Halpern 1989 Halpern and Kubie 1980 Kahmann 1932 Wilde 1938). Snakes have well-developed vomeronasal systems and flick their tongues in response to odorants perceived in their environment. 

Burghardt, G.M. (1970). Intraspecific geographical variation in chemical food cue preferences of newborn garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis). Behav. 36, 246-257. 

Burghardt, G. M. and Pruitt, C. H. (1975) Role of the tongue and senses in feeding of naive and experienced garter snakes. Physiol. Behav. 14, 85-194. 

Gove, D. and Burghardt, G.M. (1983) Context-correlated parameters of snake and lizard tongue-flicking. Anim. Behav. 31, 718-723. 

Hill, J.O., Pavlik, E.J., Smith, G.L., Burghardt, G.M and Coulson, P.B. (1976) Species-characteristic responses to catnip by undomesticated felids. J. Chem. Ecol. 2, 239-253. 

Braun M, Atalick S, Guldi Dirk M, Lanig H, Brettreich M, Burghardt S, Hatzimarinaki M, Ravanelli E, Prato M, Van Eldik R, Hirsch A (2003) Electrostatic Complexation and Photoinduced Electron Transfer between Zn-Cytochrome c and Polyanionic Fullerene Dendrimers. Chem. Eur. J. 9 3867-3875. 

D. Axelrod, T. R Burghardt, and N. L. Thompson, Total internal reflection fluorescence, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 13, 247-268 (1984). 

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