Building stones weathered

Rodriguez Navarro, C., Sebastian, E. Rodriguez Gallego, M. (1997). An urban model for dolomite precipitation authigenic dolomite on weathered building stones. 

S. Papida, W. Murphy and E. May, Enhancement of physical weathering of building stones by microbial populations. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation, 2000, 46(4), 305-317. 

R. J. Schaffer, The weathering of natural building stone, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Special Report 18. HMSO, London, 1932. 

In the case of building stones biological weathering has been proposed as a factor influencing deterioration. Other studies claim that such weathering is negligible ... 

It is generally accepted in the case of building stone deterioration that physical weathering is a factor influencing the rate of deterioration Hence buildings subject to frequent temperatures around freezing point will deteriorate more rapidly due to frost action than those in warmer climates ... 

Al-Agha MR (2006) Weathering of building stones and its relationship to the sustainable management of the aggregate resources in Gaza Strip, Palestine. BuUd Environ 41 676-686. doi 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.02.012... 

Roofs are a basic element of shelter from inclement weather. Natural or hewn caves, including those of snow or ice, ate early evidence of human endeavors for protection from the cold, wind, rain, and sun. Nomadic people, before the benefits of agriculture had been discovered and housing schemes developed, depended on the availabiUty of natural materials to constmct shelters. Portable shelters, eg, tents, probably appeared early in history. Later, more permanent stmctures were developed from stone and brick. SaUent features depended strongly on the avadabihty of natural materials. The Babylonians used mud to form bricks and tiles that could be bonded with mortars or natural bitumen. Ancient buildings in Egypt were characterized by massive walls of stone and closely spaced columns that carried stone lintels to support a flat roof, often made of stone slabs. 

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