Buckling State and Slip of Layers for Composite Sections

1 Buckling State and Slip of Layers for Composite Sections 

Where composite layers, liner and studs are involved, the incremental slips from the nodal displacements are assessed in the following manner  

Thes incremental stress 0-3 between the studs and concrete or between any composite materials for the fth node can then be computed as 

If (55 i 5 max the bond between the stud and the concrete or any composite material is broken and the pull-out occurs, i.e. 0-3 = 0 and 5max has a value which is maximum. If 1(55,1 5 max the value is calculated. The procedure is linked with the general finite element work discussed already in the non-linear dynamic cases for impact and explosion. 

2 Strain Rate Effects Based on the Elastic-Viscoplastic Relationship for Earth Materials Under Impact and 

---