Brunner, Mond

Watts, J. I., The First Fifty Years of Brunner, Mond Co., Brunner, Mond, Winnington, England, 1923, 18. 

Ammonia or its salts are employed in a variety of ways in many trades. From it nitric acid, the vital necessity for the manufacture of all high explosives, can be made it is an essential for the Brunner Mond or Solvay ammonia soda process for the production of alkali in the liquid form it is employed all over the world in refrigerating machinery, but its enormous and increasing use is in agfriculture, where, in the form of sulphate of ammonia, it constitutes one of, if not the most important chemical manures known to man. During the year 1916 350,000 tons of ammonium sulphate were produced in this country, the larger proportion of which was consumed in agriculture—a proportion likely to increase and not diminish if the demand for home production of food continues. 

Watts, J.I., The First Fifty Years of Brunner, Mond Co., Brunner, Mond, Winnington, UK, 1923, 18. Hardie, D.W.E and Pratt, J.D., A History of the Modern British Chemical Industry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1966, 85. 

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Their suitability had been particularly appreciated from 1907 by Brunner Mond whose chief chemist and then research manager at its Winnington plant in Cheshire, Francis Freeth, assiduously and snobbishly collected promising men from Oxford and made Winnington into a notable research department in... 

Some years before the formation of ICI in 1926, Brunner, Mond s chief chemist, F.A. Freeth, had also argued the necessity for abstract and theoretical work as a basis for new products. This research philosophy led to close contacts between the company and academic institutions, with scientists being sent around the world to gain expertise in new techniques. 

The paper by Dr. W. J. Clark of ICI Billingham provides a useful history in the use of instruments at the new plants then being built at Billingham. Brunner Mond had built a plant for ammonia synthesis (the so called No. 2 plant) which started operation in 1923 and a larger plant was built between 1925 and 1927. 6 According to a report written by Dr. R. E. Slade, in 1925, (and quoted by Clark) the No. 2 plant at... 

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