Bronchoalveolar lavage, phosgene exposure

Pauluhn, J. (2006b). Acute nose-only exposure of rats to phosgene. Part II. Concentration x time dependence of changes in bronchoalveolar lavage during a follow-up period of 3 months. Inhal. Toxicol. 18 595-607. 

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis may be used to assess pulmonary edema/lung injury after acute inhalation exposure to phosgene (Pauluhn et al., 2007). Maximum protein concentrations in BAL fluid t5 ically occur within 1 day after exposure, followed by a latency period up to 15 h. For acute exposures, the CT relationship is constant over a wide range of concentrations. However, after noncontinuous and repeated exposure, increased tolerance to subsequent exposures is observed. Although limited, the longer-term data indicate that effects do not increase in severity over time but do increase with increased concentration, suggesting that... 

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