Bromine potential diagram

For an advanced equilibrium problem based on the bromine Latimer diagram, see T. Michalowski, Calculation of pH and Potential E for Bromine Aqueous Solution, J. Chem. Ed. 1994, 71, 560. 

Fig. 17.14 Potential diagrams for chlorine, bromine and iodine at pH = 0. A Frost-Ebsworth diagram for chlorine (pH=0) is given in Figure 17.15 in problem 17.21 at the end of the chaper.

The following sketch is called an electrode potential diagram. Such diagrams summarize electrode potential data more efficiently than do listings such as that in Appendix D. In this diagram for bromine and its ions in basic solution,... 

Figure 10.3 Potential energy diagrams (a) for the reaction of a chlorine atom with methane and (b) for the reaction of a bromine atom with methane.

Fig. 41.—Diagram for calculating potential energies for the addition of a bromine molecule to a carbon-carbon double bond. Roman letters refer to coulombic or electrostatic exchange. Greek letters refer to attraction or exchange energy calculated on the basis of the semi-empirical method.

These potential energy diagrams for the formation of primary and tertiary alkyl radicals by halogen atom abstraction from 2-methylpropane illustrate a larger difference in the activation energies for the reaction with a bromine atom ib) than with a chlorine atom (a). This difference is consistent with the higher selectivity of bromination. 

Figure 3-11 Potential-energy diagram for the abstraction of a primary or a tertiary hydrogen of 2-methylpropane by a bromine atom. The two iate transition states are dissimilar in energy, indicative of the energy difference between the resulting primary and tertiary radicals, respectively, leading with greater selectivity to the products.

As indicated by the potential energy diagram, the activation energy for the formation of A+ is less than that for the formation of The lower energy of A= = means that a greater fraction of bromine atom-alkane collisions will lead to A rather than to B. ... 

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