Broadleaf sulfonylurea

Saari, L.L., J.C. Cotterman, and M.M. Primiani (1990). Mechanisms of sulfonylurea herbicide resistance in the broadleaf weed Kochia scoparia. Plant Physiol., 93 55-61. 

Trifloxysulfuron is a sulfonylurea for control of grasses, sedges, and broadleaf weeds following preemergence, postemergence over the top of sugarcane, or post-directed applications. The total of all applications should not exceed 0.08 kg a.i./ha per season. 

Warren, L.S., T.W. Gannon, and F.H. Yelverton (2005). Efficacy of recently registered sulfonylurea herbicides for broadleaf weed control in warm season turf. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc., 58 115. 

ALS herbicides. Two classes of ALS-inhibiting herbicides are the sulfonylurea herbicides, discussed in Sections 2.1.2.1 and 2.2.3.1, and the imidazolinone herbicides. A third class of ALS-inhibiting herbicides is the 1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonanilides. The triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilides act by disrupting the biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids in plants. Representatives of this class of herbicides include florasulam (Boxer , Nikos ) [151], initially introduced in Belgium in 1999 and used for the postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in cereals and corn, and flumetsulam (Broadstrike ) [152], used alone or in combination with other herbicides for the control of broadleaf weeds in soybean and corn. 

Flucetosulfuron [188,189] is a sulfonylurea experimental postemergence herbicide for controlling grasses such as barnyard grass in rice and broadleaf weeds such as Galium aparine in cereals. It shares with previously introduced sulfonylurea herbicides a common mode of action, inhibition of the ALS enzyme, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of branched amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine [76],... 

HNPC-C9908 [2-(4-methoxy-6-methylthiopyrimidin-2-yl) carbamoyl sulfonyl benzoate] (CAS-No. 441050-97-1) (Eig. 2.2.4) is a novel sulfonylurea herbicide [28, 29] discovered by the Hunan Branch of the National Pesticide R D South Center, Changsha, China, and is reported to be effective in controlling various broadleaf weeds and some grasses in wheat. 

Foramsulfuron (AE FI30360) [48] is a postemergence sulfonylurea herbicide for the control of major grass species and certain broadleaf weeds in maize (Table 2.2.21). It is applied with the safener isoxadifen-ethyl (AE F122006) (Fig. 2.2.7) and in some products in combination with small quantities iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium [49]. 

D. S. M. D Souza, I. A. Black, R. T. Hewson, Amidosulfuron — a new sulfonylurea for the control of Galium aparine and other broadleaf weeds in cereals, BCPC Conference — Weeds 567-72 (1993). 

Table I compares alkylsulfone isomers 22 and 41 to tied-back i-propylsulfone sulfonylurea 4Q. The numbers are the percent control of a plant species. The tied-back sulfone is the most active on broadleaf weeds, cocklebur and sicklepod. It is weaker on barnyard grass but better on wild oats, than the open-chained sulfonylureas.

Sulfonylureas in which a methylene linkage separates the orr/K>-carboxylate from the phenyl ring, such as phenylacetic ester 1, have also proven to be highly active herbicides, especially against broadleaf weeds in postemergence applications Q). 

Herbicidal Activity. Table I summarizes herbicide data for two representative o-butyrolactone sulfonylureas of formula 4 and provides a comparison with their open-chain counterparts. These data were obtained from greenhouse tests in both pre-and postemergence applications on a variety of weeds and crops. For the sake of clarity, results are presented only for three or four grass weeds, three broadleaf weeds and wheat. The numbers reported in Table I represent percent injury of the particular plant species tested relative to an untreated check (0% injury). 

Nicosulfuron ALS-Sulfonylurea Aceto-lactate synthase (ALS) Inhibition of branched chain amino acid synthesis 1991 Post- emergence Maize Grasses, broadleaf weeds, 35... 

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