Britton 1 Carotenoids

G Britton. Carotenoids 1 straeture and properties of earotenoids in relation to fune-tion. FASEB J 9 1551-1558, 1995. 

J Grayson, M Edmunds, EH Evans, G Britton. Carotenoids and coloration of poplar hawkmoth caterpillar Lathoe populi). Biol J Linnean Soc 42 457-465, 1991. 

BOUVIER F, d harlingue A, BACKHAUs R A, KUMAGAi H and CAMARA B (2000) Identification of neoxanthin synthase as a carotenoid cyclase pmalog , FEBSLetters, 267, 6346-52. BRAMLEY P M (1993) Inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis , in Yoimg A J and Britton G, Carotenoids in Photosynthesis, London, Chapman and HaU, 127-59. 

BRITTON G (1991) Carotenoids , in Charlwood B V and Banthorpe D V, Methods in Plant Biochemistry, London, Academic Press, 437-518. 

GOODWIN T w and britton g (1988) Distribution and analysis of carotenoids , in Goodwin T W, Plant Pigments, London, Academic Press, 61-134. 

HIRSCHBERG J (1998) Molecular biology of carotenoid biosynthesis , in Britton G, Liaaen-Jensen S and Pfander H, Carotenoids, vol. 3, Basel, Birkhauser, 149-94. 

WEEDON B c L and MOSS G (1995) Structure, stereochemistry and nomenclature , in Britton G, Pfander H and Liaaen-Jensen S, Carotenoids, vol. la, Basel, Birkhauser 27—44. 

WOODALL A A, BRITTON G and JACKSON M J (1997) Carotenoids and protection of phospholipids in solution or in liposomes against oxidation by peroxyl radicals relationship between carotenoid structure and protective ability , Biochim Biophys Acta, 1336, 575-86. 

Britton, G., Liaaen-Jensen, S., and Pfander, H. (Eds.), Carotenoids Handbook, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 2004. 

Britton, George, 2006. Occurence. The Carotenoids Page. Novemher 1. http //dch-carot.unibe.ch/occur.htm. 

Britton, G. and Hornero-Mendez, D., Carotenoids and colour in fruit and vegetables, in Phytochemistry of Fruit and Vegetables., Tomas-Barberan, T.A. and Robins, R.J., Eds., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1997, 11. 

Goodwin, T.W. and Britton, G., Distribution and analysis of carotenoids, in Plant Pigments, Goodwin, T.W., Ed., Academic Press, London, 1988, 62. 

FIGURE 3.3.1 Chemical structures of carotenoid oxidation products occurring in nature. The compound numbers correspond to those cited in Britton, G. et al., Carotenoids Handbook ... 

Powls, R. and Britton, G., The roles of isomers of phytoene, phytofluene and zeta-carotene in carotenoid biosynthesis by a mutant strain of Scenedesmus obliquus. Arch. Microbiol. 115, 175, 1977. 

The author thanks the so-called Carotenoid triumvirat Syimpve Liaaen-Jensen, Hanspeter Pfander, and George Britton for productive discussions about these fascinating chemical compounds. 

Mercadante A.Z., Britton, G., and Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Carotenoids from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 4102, 1998. 

Britton, G. and Goodwin, T.W., The occurrence of phytoene-1,2-oxide and related carotenoids in tomatoes. Phytochemistry, 8, 2257, 1969. 

Owing to their chemical structure, carotenes as polyterpenoids are hydrophobic in nature (Britton et al., 2004). Therefore, as it might be expected, the carotenes are bound within the hydrophobic core of the lipid membranes. Polar carotenoids, with the molecules terminated on one or two sides with the oxygen-bearing substitutes, also bind to the lipid bilayer in such a way that the chromophore, constituted by the polyene backbone is embedded in the hydrophobic core of the membrane. There are several lines of evidence for such a localization of carotenoids with respect to the lipid bilayers. 

Britton, G. 1995. Structure and properties of carotenoids in relation to function. FASEB J. 9 1551-1558. Britton, G., S. Liaaen-Jensen, and H. Pfander. 2004. Carotenoids Handbook. Basel, Switzerland Birkhauser Verlag AG. 

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