Bright fluorescence

Hemicya.nines, These half-cyanine dyes may be represented by stmcture (48). They may be considered as cyanines in which a benzene ring has been inserted into the conjugated chain. Hemicyanines provide some bright fluorescent red dyes for polyacrylonitrile. 

Although aequorin is non-fluorescent, the spent solution after luminescence is brightly fluorescent in blue due to the presence of coelenteramide. Although pure coelenteramide is poorly fluorescent in aqueous solutions, it becomes strongly fluorescent in a hydrophobic environment. In the presence of Ca2+, coelenteramide... 

PMs are orange-colored, with an absorption maximum at 488 nm (Fig. 9.6). The absorption characteristics and chemiluminescence activities of those compounds are shown in Table 9.4. All PMs are brightly fluorescent in yellow in organic solvents and also in aqueous solutions containing a surfactant (emission maxima 520-530 nm). The chemiluminescence spectra of PMs are significantly affected by the... 

Umezawa K, Citterio D, Suzuki K (2007) A squaraine-based near-infrared dye with bright fluorescence and solvatochromic property. Chem Lett 36 1424—1425... 

A bright cyan-green fluorescent protein was isolated from Clavu-laria coral [86]. Since one of the intermediates displayed fast bleaching, a screen for more photostable variants was performed. The optimized monomeric variant was named teal fluorescent protein 1 (mTFPl). It has an excitation and emission maximum at 462 and 492 nm, respectively, so this protein is spectrally located in between CFP and GFP. With an extinction coefficient of 64,000 M 1 cm-1 and a quantum yield of 0.85 mTFPl is a very bright fluorescent protein. 

This method gives a bright fluorescence of callose but also a side effect due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll dispersed in the specimen yields a red fluorescence all around the tissue, especially a red layer on the surface of the organs due to chlorophyll deposition in any lipid substances, such as a cuticle. 

AP. de Silva, H.QN. Gunaratne, C.P. McCoy, Molecular photoionic AND logic gates with bright fluorescence and off-on digital action , J. Am. Chem Soc 1997, 119, 7891-7892. 

Chang CJ, Nolan EM, Jaworski J et al (2004) Bright fluorescent chemosensor platforms for imaging endogenous pools of neuronal zinc. Chem Biol 11 203-210... 

Figure 14.8. Enzymatically-amplified TR-FIA ofa-fetoprotein (AFP), using streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate (SA-ALP) and 5-lluorosalicyl phosphate (FSAP) to generate 5 fluorosalicylic acid (FSA). The FSA comhines with terbium-EDTA to form a bright, fluorescent complex. (Adapted from Ref. 83 with permission.) (01992, American Chemical Society).

QDs have very large molar extinction coefficients and high quantum yields, up to 85% [176], making them bright fluorescent probes [6]. 

B. Bright Fluorescent Spots That Hold a Countable Number of RhB Molecules... 

---