Bridgeman technique

Using the same technique as that used to obtain Eq. (3.8), prove the relation given in Table 3.4 between y and y for the Beattie-Bridgeman equation. 

Evaporating solid polymeric particles (accompanied by considerable pyrolysis) and codepositing the volatile products (mostly radicals) with the metal vapor are used less often. This technique is employed for the formation of 10-mn-diameter copper islets in a polyethylene matrix. The explosive evaporation of a metal wire coated with a polymer and pulsed mechanochemical interactions (of the Bridgeman anvil type), etc. are the modifications of this method. Recently, interest has been shown in the ionic spraying of metals onto polymeric surfaces. Studies of the vacuum deposition of Au and Zn on PE and PTFE should be noted. " ... 

Out-of-plane linear CTEs (ax) were calculated from the difference between the volumetric CTE and the sum of the in-plane linear CTEs (a and oj. Volumetric CTEs were obtained from a pressure-volume-temperature (PV technique based on Bridgeman bellows. Although the linear CTEs vaiy significantly with processing, the volumetric CTE is essentially constant, independent of molecular orientation. For all of the polyimide films studi the out-of-plane linear CTEs (a ) were higher than the in-plane linear CTEs (a, and tty). 

There is much advice in the literature also on, for instance, co-operative groupwork for inclusion (see, for example, Putnam, 1993 Aaronson and Bridgeman, 1979). Group and partner work will be examined again in the context of teachers attempts to promote curricular inclusion through classroom management techniques. 

---