Branched polymer gradient

Hancock, D. O. and Synovec, R. E., Rapid characterization of linear and star-branched polymers by concentration gradient detection, Anal. Chem., 60,2812, 1988. 

Various types of detector have been employed for the detection of polymers separated by liquid adsorption chromatography, including conductimetric detectors for polyoxyethylenes [115] and UV detectors for ethyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymers [116]. Hancock and Synovec [117] carried out a rapid characterisation of linear and star branched polymers, particularly PS by a gradient detection method. This method measures average molecular weight in methylene dichloride solutions of the polymers and gives more specific... 

D. Xu, Y. Song, X. Shi, P. Tang, M. Matsuo, Y. Bin, Temperature dependence of lamellae orientation of a branched low molecular weight polyethylene/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene blend film under a controlled temperature gradient Polymer 54, 4037-4044 (2013)... 

In this work the applications of three dimensional (3D) solution NMR techniques for characterizing the structures of synthetic polymers and dendrimers are illustrated, including the characterization of polymer chain-end structure, monomer sequence, stereosequence, and branching. The utility of triple resonance and pulsed field gradient NMR techniques in these research endeavors are discussed. 

Figure 2.23. The reduced surface tension as a function of the reduced temperature for a number of polymers (A, poly(vinyl acetate) , polystyrene , polyisobutylene A, poly(dimethyl siloxane) , linear polyethylene o, branched polyethylene), compared with the prediction of a gradient theory using the Poser and Sanchez lattice fluid model and a square gradient term modified to account for loss of polymer configurational entropy near a surface (full line). After Sanchez (1992).

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