Brain edema oxidative stress

Perhaps the main peroxide-induced alterations, within cells and tissues, are those that affect calcium and sodium homeostasis. Na, K-ATPase, which is considered as the core of the sodium pump , is strongly affected by peroxides, and especially by lipid hydroperoxides [137-139]. This implies that oxidative stress will usually be associated with cellular edema . Alternatively, activation of the Na, K-ATPase of vascular endothelia, such as the blood-brain barrier, will result in extracellular edema on the antiluminal side of the endothelium, due to massive influx of sodium ions [119]. 

Cerebral insufficiency refers to describe the people with age-related decline in mental function and decrease blood flow to the brain cause by clogged arteries. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is an inflammatory mediator, plays an important role in allergy, inflammatory processes, coronary, and cerebral vasoconstriction [178]. The production and release of PAF in the brain under various pathological conditions, including oxidant stress-induced ischemic injury [179]. The efficiency of EGb-761 on cerebral circulation and metabolism has been demonstrated in various models of cerebrovascular insufficiency and showed beneficial effect like cerebral edema in rats intoxicated with triethyltin chloride (TET) [180]. Moreover, oral or intravenous administrations EGb decrease cerebral edema development in gerbils [181]. In an animal study [182], EGb-761 and an extract of local ginkgo... 

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