Bourdon gauge principle

Which of these has an operating principle that most resembles a Bourdon gauge ... 

The Bourdon gauge was developed in 1849 by the French engineer Eugene Bourdon. The gauge is based on the principle that a tube will expand when a pressure is applied to it. The tube is closed at one end and open to the process fluid at the other end. The tube is in the shape of an arc and the curvature of the arc increases when pressure is applied to it and it decreases when the pressure drops. The closed end of the tube is connected to a pivot and a spring that translates the movement of the arc into a rotation of a needle. The tube can be made of many different metals— bronze, steel, brass, etc.—depending on the application. 

The essential feature of the Bourdon tube is its oval-shaped cross-section. The operating principle behind the gauge is that when pressure is applied to the inside of the tube the tip is moved outward. This pulls up the link and causes the quadrant to move the pinion to which the pointer is attached. The resultant movement is indicated on a dial. A hairspring is also included (not shown) to take up any backlash that exists between quadrant and pinion this has no effect on calibration. 

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