Bottles for pressure reactions

A mixture of 50 g. (0.51 mole) of maleic anhydride and 80 ml. of benzene is placed in a bottle used for carbonated soft drinks. The mixture is cooled to 0°, and 32 g. (0.59 mole) of butadiene is distilled into the bottle. The bottle is closed securely and allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours, and then heated to 100° in an autoclave for 5 hours. Benzene (100 ml.) is placed in the autoclave in an open vessel along with the reaction bottle for pressure equalization. The product is recrystallized from a mixture of benzene and ligroin to yield 69.9 g. (90%) of the A -tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, m.p. 101-103°. 

In order to generate the starting material for a polymer that is used in water bottles, hydrogen is removed from the ethane in natural gas to produce ethene in the catalyzed reaction C,H6(g) H,(g) + C,ll4(g). Use the information in Appendix 2A to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 298 K. (a) If the reaction is begun by adding the catalyst to a flask containing C,H6 at 10.0 bar, what will be the partial pressure of the C,H4 at equilibrium (b) Identify three steps the manufacturer can take to increase the yield of product,... 

Reactions under Hq for Gaseous Products. Solutions containing about 0.3 mmol each of Cp2NbH and metal carbonyl in several ml benzene were loaded into a Fischer-Porter pressure bottle through a ball valve this was then pressurized to 1-1/2 - 2 atm H2 and maintained at the reaction temperature for the reaction time appropriate to the particular metal carbonyl (see above). 

A complete methodology for the manipulation and reaction of air-sensitive solutions has evolved around cappable glass pressure bottles. Soft-drink bottles are sometimes used (hence these procedures are sometimes referred to as pop bottle techniques ) however, heavy-walled borosilicate glass pressure reaction vessels are superior. In contrast to the modified standard taper ware discussed above, this pressure apparatus offers advantages where modest pressures are necessary and where the centrifugation of precipitates is preferable to filtration. These techniques are especially popular in the preparative-scale study of catalytic reactions of small molecules, such as olefin polymerization. The pressure bottle is fitted with a cap containing two 1/8 in. holes and a rubber liner, which is secured by means of a hand-operated bottle capper (Fig. 1.31).18... 

Upon confirmation of the highly fluorophilic character of fluorous distannoxanes, these compounds were utilized as catalysts for fluorous biphasic fransesferification. First the simplest system, where FC-72 was the sole solvent, was employed. The reactants, in a 1 1 ratio, were heated in the presence of the catalyst at 150 °C in FC-72 in a pressure bottle for 16 hours and the reaction mixture was washed with toluene. GLC analysis of the toluene layer exhibited a single peak assignable to the desired ester... 

Stoichiometric quantities of Md2(CO)jo and I2 are introduced into a thick-walled Carius tube (the checkers used a capable glass pressure bottle ), mixed thoroughly, and cooled to 0° and the tube is sealed in vacuo. The mixture is uniformly heated in an oven at 90° until the color is uniform (12 h is convenient for a reaction employing about 1 g of Mn2(CO)io). 

Fig. 12-10. Schematic view of the analytical system for mercury determination by CVAFS (CVAAS) 1 pressure bottle for inert gas (Ar, N2,...) 2,15 flow meters 3 dust filter 4 gas-cleaning trap (Au) 5 reaction vessel (500 mL) (including stirring bar, PTFE-encased), seawater sample (200 mL) and (magnetic) stirring device) 6 three-way cocks 7 septum (Hg injection) 8 collection trap (Au) 9 analytical trap (Au) 10 voltage control 11,12 gas outlets (optional via three-way cocks) 13 AFS (AAS) detector and 14 mercury scrubber (charcoal trap).

If we are making up a sample of H2, N2, and NH3 in the laboratory, using lecture bottles of the pure species, we can obviously make up any possible combination of weight or mol fractions (which sums to unity), so we can get to any point on this diagram. This is true independent of the temperature and pressure. Now suppose we introduce a catalyst, which causes the Reaction 12.A to go to equilibrium. If we assume ideal gas behavior (not really true at the high pressmes normally used for this reaction, but a satisfactory assumption for this example), then we will have... 

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