Bonding drawing

Commonly used in biology as a tissue preservative, formaldehyde, CIDO, contains a carbon -oxygen double bond. Draw the line-bond structure of formaldehyde, and indicate the hybridization of the carbon atom. 

Allerie, P12C — C = CH2> is somewhat unusual in that it has two adjacent double bonds. Draw a picture showing the orbitals involved in the u and -n- bonds of allene. Is the central carbon atom sp2- or sp-hybridized What about the hybridization of the terminal carbons What shape do you predict for allene ... 

Phenol, C6H5OH, is a stronger acid than methanol, CH3OH, even though both contain an O-H bond. Draw the structures of the anions resulting from loss of H+ from phenol and methanol, and use resonance structures to explain the difference in acidity. 

A anmileue is a compound with three adjacent double bonds. Draw an orbital picture of a cumulene. What kind of hybridization do the two central carbon atoms have What is the geometric relationship of the substituents on one end to the substituents on the other end What kind of isomerism is possible Make a model to help see the answer. 

When you do the same reaction (as above) in the presence of peroxides (R-O-O-R), you get an anti-Markovnikov addition of HBr across the double bond. Draw the product of an anti-Markovnikov addition. 

B—All the bonds except in CO are single bonds. The CO bond is a triple bond. Triple bonds are shorter than double bonds, which are shorter than single bonds. Drawing Lewis structures might help you answer this question. 

The molecular formula of benzene is CeHe. Remember that each carbon atom must form a total of four bonds. A single bond counts as one bond, a double bond counts as two bonds, and a triple bond counts as three bonds. Hydrogen can form only one bond. Draw a possible structure for benzene. 

Which of the structures shown in both exercises 55 and 56 are 2-methyl-2-pentene, where 2 indicates the placement of the double bond Draw a box around them. 

The reaction of Eq. 10-11 begins with a hydroxyla-tion, which can be viewed as insertion of an oxygen atom into a C-H bond. Draw the probable intermediate formed in this reaction and indicate how it can be converted to the final products. 

Exercise 23-21 2,4-Pentanedione reacts with methanamine to give a product of composition CgHnNO that is an equilibrium mixture of three isomers. The nmr spectrum of the mixture indicates that all three isomers have strong hydrogen bonding. Draw the structures of the three isomers and indicate the nature of the hydrogen bonding. 

Butane, the fuel used in disposable lighters, has the formula C4H10. The carbon atoms are connected in the sequence C-C-C-C, and each carbon has a total of four covalent bonds. Draw a structural formula for butane. 

Oxalic acid, H2C204, is a poisonous substance found in uncooked spinach leaves. If oxalic acid has a C-C single bond and no C-H bond, draw its electron-dot structure. 

The N2O5 molecule has six N-O a bonds and two N 0 17 bonds, but has no N-N bonds and no 0-0 bonds. Draw eight resonance structures for N2O5, and assign formal charges to the atoms in each. Which resonance structures make the more important contributions to the resonance hybrid ... 

Propanediol, HOCH2CH2CH2OH, can form intramolecular hydrogen bonds as well as intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Draw a structure of 1,3-propane-diol that shows an intramolecular hydrogen bond. 

Consider H2C=C=CH2. What is the hybridization and geometry at each C Indicate the bond types for each of the carbon—carbon bonds. Draw the molecule, showing the overall geometry and the p orbitals that overlap to form the pi bonds. (The molecule is not planar.) Is it conjugated ... 

Resonance structures are representations of the distribution of n and nonbonding electrons in a molecule. Electrons don t move around in the molecule, and the molecule doesn t change back and forth, from structure to structure. Rather, resonance structures are an attempt to show, by conventional line-bond drawings, the electron distribution of a molecule that can t be represented by any one structure. 

Formaldehyde, CH 0, contains a carbon-oj ge/i double bond. Draw Lewis and line-bond structunes of Ibmialdehyde. and indicate the bybridizatiou of the carbon atom. 

Various types of evidence lead to the conclusion that there is some double-bond character to one of the C—N bonds. Draw one or more resonance structures that support this observation. 

Acetonitrile (CH3CN) has a pKg of 25, making it more acidic than many other compounds having only C - H bonds. Draw Lewis structures for acetonitrile and its conjugate base. Use resonance structures to account for the acidity of acetonitrile. 

Given that syn addition of H2 occurs from both sides of a trigonal planar double bond, draw all stereoisomers formed when each alkene is treated with H2. 

Finally, 1,3-butadiene is a conjugated molecule with four overlapping p orbitals on adjacent atoms. As a result, the jc electrons are not localized between the carbon atoms of the double bonds, but rather delcx alized over four atoms. This places more electron density between the central two carbon atoms of 1,3-butadiene than would normally be present. This shortens the bond. Drawing resonance structures illustrates this delcx alization. 

---