Boiling point of «-alkanes

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are nonpolar and insoluble m water The forces of attraction between alkane molecules are induced dipole/induced dipole attractive forces The boiling points of alkanes increase as the number of carbon atoms increases Branched alkanes have lower boiling points than their unbranched isomers There is a limit to how closely two molecules can approach each other which is given by the sum of their van der Waals radii... 

The boiling points of alkanes increase with the length of the carbon chain, because a long electron cloud is more polarizable than a short one. 

From Refs. 2861 and 288) b Yields at boiling point of alkane are given in parentheses. 

Cherqaoui, D. and Villemin, D. Use of a neutral network to determine the boiling point of alkanes, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 90(1) 97-102, 1994. 

The boiling points of alkanes increase steadily with increasing molecular weights, as shown in the above table. Alkanes from methane to butane are gases at room temperature. 

Qraph-Theoretical Indices - Boiling Point Relationships Randic et al. [25] have compared several graph-theoretical descriptors and their use in correlation with boiling points of alkanes [25]. Schultz and Schultz [26] reported the following correlation for alkanes (C2-C15) ... 

Know the relationship between boiling points of alkanes and (a) their molecular weights and (b) the extent of chain branching. 

Table 13.1 compares the sizes (number of atoms per molecule) and boiling points of alkanes. Notice how the state changes as the size increases. 

Table 13.1 Comparing the Sizes and Boiling Points of Alkanes...

To illustrate these notions, consider a correlation between the boiling points of alkanes and their spectral moments reported in ref. 170 ... 

Basak, S.C. and Grunwald, G.D. (1993). Use of Graph Invariants, Volume and Total Surface Area in Predicting Boiling Point of Alkanes. MathModelling and ScLComputing, 2,735-740. 

Gutman, I. and Polansky, O. (1986a). A Regularity for the Boiling Points of Alkanes and Its Mathematical Modeling. Z.Phys.Chemie, 267,1152-1158. 

Arupjyoti, S. and Iragavarapu, S. (1998) New electrotopological descriptor for prediction of boiling points of alkanes and aliphatic alcohols through artificial neural network and multiple linear regression analysis. Computers Chem., 22, 515-522. 

Gutman, 1. and Polansky, O.E. (1986a) A regularity for the boiling points of alkanes and its mathematical... 

Toropov, A.A., Toropova, A.P., Ismailov, T. and Bonchev, D. (1998) 3D weighting of molecular descriptors for QSAR/QSPRbythe method of ideal symmetry (MIS). 1. Application to boiling points of alkanes./. Mol. Struct. (Theochem), 424, 237-247. 

Describe how the boiling points of alkanes change as chain length increases. 

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are nonpolar and insolnble in water. The forces of attraction between alkane molecules are induced-dipole/induced-dipole attractive forces. The boiling points of alkanes increase as the... 

Table 2.6 Comparative Boiling Points of Alkanes and Alkyl Halides (°C)...

The Wiener index for isopentane is 18. The Wiener index is used as a mathematical descriptor used in structure - property relationships. There are many other related descriptors for molecular graphs, including shape index, chirality index, Szeged index [12]. A comparison of the boiling points of alkanes against the different indices has been shown in the literature [13]. 

Fig. 22.3 Boiling point of alkanes against the Wiener index...

Why are the boiling points of alcohols much higher than the boiling points of alkanes with similar molecular weights ... 

The boiling points of alkanes are lower than those of almost any other type of compound with the same molecular weight. In general, both boiling and melting points of alkanes increase with increasing molecular weight (Table 3.4). 

The first topological index (historically) is the Wiener index, developed by H. Wiener [339], which was used to model the boiling points of alkanes and was based on the following function ... 

Figure 25.6 Possible structures, names, and melting and boiling points of alkanes of formula C4Hio arid C5H12-... 

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