Bockris and Uosaki Treatment

A general theory has been proposed by Bockris and Uosaki in 

Interaction of an electron with the dipole potential of adsorbed solvent, 

Interaction with ions in the OHP and their images, t/jm. This is a major difference from Gurevich s approach. 

Optical Born energy of the electron. This contribution is due to the interaction of the electron with the second layer of solvent molecules. Apparently, this type of interaction is quite complicated to evaluate hence this second layer is considered to be a continuum. This means that the electron derives energy from the continuum due to optical Born charging according to 

The barrier maximum, U, was calculated with respect to the bottom of the 

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