Blander equation

Clearly, it is the size of ions that is decisive in ion-pair formation. Moreover, the coulombic interactions can extend even to more distant neighbours. The Blander equation is then, of course, no longer applicable. 

Thermodynamic and mechanical equilibrium on a curved vapor-liquid interface requires a certain degree of superheat in order to maintain a given curvature. Characteristics of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation can be estimated in the frame of classical theory of kinetics of nucleation (Volmer and Weber 1926 Earkas 1927 Becker and Doring 1935 Zel dovich 1943). The vapor temperature in the bubble Ts.b can be computed from equations (Bankoff and Flaute 1957 Cole 1974 Blander and Katz 1975 Li and Cheng 2004) for homogeneous nucleation in superheated liquids... 

Equation (9.83) is also the basis for the compound energy model. The excess energy of the mixture is here represented by any type of equation, for example a power series [15, 16], Equation (9.83) has also been derived using the conformal solution theory after Blander [14] and as an extension of the molten salts models presented by Flood, Fprland and Grjotheim [17],... 

The exact form of 7p. the number of bubbles nucleated per unit volume per unit time, is not known since there appears to be no published scientific studies which deal with nucleation rates in concentrated polymeric solutions at pressures below the equilibrium partial pressure. Blander and Katz (1975) have studied nucleation rates of pure liquids as a function of temperature at atmospheric pressure and Prud homme (1982) has studied nucleation rates of polymeric solutions containing up to 0.60 weight fraction of polymer as a function of temperature, concentration, and polymer molecular weight at atmospheric pressure. Both sets of investigators concluded that nucleation rates seem to follow the equation... 

Equation (10.4) relies on a knowledge of both the sulphide and oxide activities. However, S was not yet included in their database for oxides. They therefore utilised the approach of Reddy and Blander (1987, 1989) to relate o,a s lo Ihe S content and sulphide capacities could then be predicted through calculation of oa o alone. The approach yields the following expressions for sulphide capacities for basic and acid slags ... 

The energy ( ,) to create a cavity can be approximately equated to 4 rr2cx, where cr represents the surface tensions between the fluid and a perfect rigid wall of the cavity and r denotes the radius of the cavity (e.g., Blander et al., 1959). Therefore, if the cavity creation is the dominant controlling factor in noble gas solubility, which is likely to be the case in common silicate melts, the Henry s law constant can be approximately given by... 

This equation says that the term A ixC/RT must be different from the ideal term J]x, Inx, if ArG for the reaction (3.116) differs from zero. If the mixture is made up by AX, BY, and AY, reaction (3.116) is shifted to the right. Therefore AnuxG must increase by xuxxArG , since BX is formed in the melt. If the mixture is made up by AX, AY, and BX, reaction (3.116) is shifted in the opposite direction and BY is formed. This result was first obtained by Flood et al. (1954) using a thermodynamic approach and was later expanded by Blander and Yosim (1963) and Fprland (1964). 

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