Black smokers and massive sulfide mounds

Due to its buoyancy at high temperatures, the hydrothermal fluid rises rapidly from the deep-seated reaction zone to the seafloor along major faults and fractures within the rift valley or close to the flanks of the rift. In particular the intersections of faults running parallel and perpendicular to the ridge axis are the loci of high-velocity discharge, black smokers and massive sulfide mounds. The sulfide precipitation within... 

Growth of Black Smokers and Massive Sulfide Mounds... 

---

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

---