Bistability experimental

Figure A3.14.3. Example bifurcation diagrams, showing dependence of steady-state concentration in an open system on some experimental parameter such as residence time (inverse flow rate) (a) monotonic dependence (b) bistability (c) tristability (d) isola and (e) musliroom.

In addition to bistability and hysteresis, the minimal model of glycolysis also allows nonstationary solutions. Indeed, as noted above, one of the main rationales for the construction of kinetic models of yeast glycolysis is to account for metabolic oscillations observed experimentally for several decades [297, 305] and probably the model system for metabolic rhythms. In the minimal model considered here, oscillations arise due to the inhibition of the first reaction by its substrate ATP (a negative feedback). Figure 24 shows the time courses of oscillatory solutions for the minimal model of glycolysis. Note that for a large... 

Conceptual structure of the four-layered waveguide device is depicted in Fig 7. In figure dashed trapezoidal pattern was surrounded by grating. This is a method to realize appropriate wave-guiding for various vacuum evaporated PDA film. Experimental setup for all optical bistability with a pulsed Nd YAG laser 1064 nm is shown in Fig 8. 

All-optical bistability angular dependence, 324 experimental setup, 321,323/ output-input curves, 321,324,325/ thermal effect, 324 All-optical guided wave devices examples, 124,125/126... 

The experimental multifield relaxation data (T T2, n.O.e.) for amylose were nicely reproduced by using these two models.11 However, the wobbling-in-a-cone model is favored for two reasons first, it requires fewer adjustable parameters than the bistable jump model to fit the data second, the jump model requires /32 = 48.9°... 

More generally, the surface can (for certain sets of parameters) be in two states, with either predominant CO or O coverage. Upon variation of one of the partial pressures, for example, a more or less abrupt transition between these states occurs, whereby the system may also show pronounced hysteresis effects—it exhibits bistability. Figure 2 reproduces corresponding experimental data for Pt(110), where the stationary work function change A4> (oxygen coverage) is plotted as a function of pco at fixed p0, and for various temperatures (24). Kinetic oscillations are ob-... 

The simplest situation arises for bistable systems in which the basic pattern is a front, i.e. an interfacial region that connects the two locally stable stationary states and propagates in space.10 Thereby one of the two states expands on the expense of the other one. Two experimental examples of potential fronts propagating along the... 

The third electro-optical effect using calamitic nematic liquid crystals makes use of a flexoelectric effect manifested by a curved asymmetrical nematic medium. This corresponds to piezoelectricity in crystals. The existence of flexoelectricity in a nematic phase under certain boundary conditions was predicted in the late 1960s and then confirmed experimentally several years later. However, LCDs using this effect, such as bistable nematic displays are only in the development stage and as such they will not be discussed in this monograph. 

B. Borderie, D. Lavabre, G. Levy, J. C. Micheau, and J. P. Laplante, The bistable TP1D/CHC13 photoreaction Numerical simulation and experimental results, Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 24, 309-317... 

The experimental evidence for the existence of bistable mixed-valence isomers 12A and 12B and their switching times of about one trillion per second as inferred from temperature-dependent coalescence of carbonyl stretching bands may be eventually employed to provide a solid basis for the fabrication of molecular electronic devices. 

The experimental observations suggest that for a young forest, typically k >=> 300 and r < (jl so the parameters lie in the bistable region. The budworm population is kept down by the birds, which find it easy to search the small number of branches per acre. However, as the forest grows, 5 increases and therefore the point (k, r) drifts upward in parameter space toward the outbreak region of Figure... 

Section III deals with spatial phenomena. The current state of theoretical description is given in Section in.l, and experimental results are compiled in Section III.2. The organization of these two parts is analogous to Section II, that is, first waves in bistable media are discussed and then pattern formation in oscillatory media. Because the investigations of spatial self-organization are still in their infancy, not all theoretical predictions have yet been experimentally verified, and many experiments cannot yet be understood in terms of the underlying physical mechanisms. Hence this section represents a first approach toward a coherent imder-standing of spatial stractures, and a series of open questions is hsted at the end. 

Figure 5 shows experimental cyclic voltammograms of the reduction of S2OJ at a rotating Ag electrode for three different rotation rates. For high rotation rates, which correspond to a thin diffusion layer and hence to a small value of 5 in Eq. (4b), the system exhibits bistable behavior. The... 

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