Bisphenol A, synthesis

The kinetics of the bisphenol A synthesis has been reported to be of the following form (11)... 

Example 5.4.4.2b. Estimation of kinetic parameters in Bisphenol A synthesis... 

Szemiea, M., M. Gryta, and E. Grzywa. 2000. Study of the separation of Dianin s compound formed in the bisphenol-A synthesis. J. Indus. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 37 59-66. 

The first synthetic polymers to be of any use were the phenol formaldehyde resins of which the most famous, Bakelite, was discovered by Bakeland at the turn of the century. He combined phenol and formaldehyde in acid solution and got a reaction that starts like the bisphenol A synthesis. 

Greenlee explored the epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A synthesis route for the production of new resins (without caustic-sensitive ester linkages) for coatings. 

Although sulfonated macroreticular styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, e. g. Amberlyst , Dowex or Lewatit , are widely used in acid-catalyzed continuous liquid-phase reactions (e. g. MTBE, TAME, bisphenol A synthesis), only a fraction of the active sites participates in the reaction and above 130 °C, these materials lose sulfonic acid groups. The mechanical stability of the matrix is, moreover, often insufficient [4]. 

Das, D., Lee, J.-F. and Cheng, S. 2001. Sulphonic acid functionalized mesoporous MCM-41 silica as a convenient catalyst for bisphenol-A synthesis. Chem. Commun. (21) 2178-2179. 

Keywords 4,4 -Isopropylidenediphenol, Bisphenol-A, synthesis, catalysts, applications, epoxy resins, polycarbonates, polysulphone, polyetherimide, flame retardants, human health, environmental safety... 

Figure 7.3 The reaction mechanism of the acid-catalyzed Bisphenol-A synthesis [15],...

Table 7.3 Results of Bisphenol-A synthesis on various solid acid catalysts (reaction time 6 h, temperature 80°C, phenohacetone molar ratio lO.T) [47],... 

Table 7.8 Qualitative and quantitative composition of the byproducts from the Bisphenol-A synthesis [64].

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