Bismuth electrochemical potential

Climent V, Herrero E, Eeliu JM. 2001. Positive shift of the potential of zero total charge of stepped Pt(lll) electrodes decorated by irreversibly adsorbed bismuth. Electrochem Comm 3 590-594. 

Paneth and Hevesy showed that the electrochemical potential from two cells made from different isotopes of the metal bismuth was the same as far as experimental techniques of the day could distinguish. E.R. Scerri, Realism, Reduction and the Intermediate Position, in N. Bhushan, S, Rosenfeld (eds.). Minds and Molecules, Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp. 51-72. 

Paneth and Hevesy showed that the electrochemical potential from two cells made from different isotopes of the metal bismuth was the same as far as experimental techniques of the day could distinguish (Scerri 2000). 

An interesting idea has been to prepare the photosensitive electrode on site having the liquid play the dual role of a medium for anodic film growth on a metal electrode and a potential-determining redox electrolyte in the electrochemical solar cell. Such integration of the preparation process with PEC realization was demonstrated initially by Miller and Heller [86], who showed that photosensitive sulfide layers could be grown on bismuth and cadmium electrodes in solutions of sodium polysulfide and then used in situ as photoanodes driving the... 

Other oxygen ion conductors that have potential use as solid electrolytes in electrochemical devices are stabilized bismuth and cerium oxides and oxide compounds with the perovskite and pyrochlore crystal structures. The ionic conductivity and related properties of these compounds in comparison with those of the standard yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte are briefly described in this section. Many of the powder preparation and ceramic fabrication techniques described above for zirconia-based electrolytes can be adapted to these alternative conductors and are not discussed further. 

For the detection of inorganic ions, such as Cd, Wang et al. have proposed electropolymerization of p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid [p-ABSA] [113], First, GO is electrochemically reduced to RGO and simultaneously deposited at a constant potential onto a GCE surface. Electrodeposition of poly-ABSA was then carried out voltammetrically in the presence of RGO and the composite film was used for SWASV detection of Cd. Therefore, tin (replacing bismuth or mercury] was electrodeposited on top of the poly(p-ABSA] layer. The composite electrode showed good stripping performance for the analysis of Cd, wider potential window compared to bare GCE and GCE covered with only Sn, and gave a linear response from 1.0 to 70.0 gg L with a detection limit of 0.05 gg L-i. 

Zhu W, Yang JY, Gao XH, Bao SQ, Fan XA, Zhang TJ, Cui K (2005) Effect of potential on bismuth telluride thin film growth by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy. Electrochim Acta 50(20) 4041 047... 

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