Bismuth chemical properties

There are many organometallic compounds of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth known that constitute series having chemical properties that differ markedly. These compounds generally decrease in stability in the order As > Sb > Bi, which agrees with the increasing difference in size of the atoms and carbon atoms. Arsenic compounds include both aliphatic derivatives and heterocycles such as arsabenzene,... 

All elements, by definition, have a unique proton number, but some also have a unique number of neutrons (at least, in naturally occurring forms) and therefore a unique atomic weight - examples are gold (Au Z = 79, N = 118, giving A =197), bismuth (Bi Z = 83, N = 126, A = 209), and at the lighter end of the scale, fluorine (F Z = 9, N = 10, A = 19) and sodium (Na Z = 11, N= 12, A = 23). Such behavior is, however, rare in the periodic table, where the vast majority of natural stable elements can exist with two or more different neutron numbers in their nucleus. These are termed isotopes. Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons in their nucleus (and hence orbital electrons, and hence chemical properties), but... 

Bismuth forms trivalent and pentavalent compounds. The trivalent compounds are more common. Many of its chemical properties are similar to other elements in its group namely, arsenic and antimony. 

The physical properties of the metal (Table II) resemble those of thallium, lead and bismuth, its neighbors in the Periodic Table, rather than those of tellurium, its lower homologue. The low melting and boiling points are particularly noteworthy an attempted study of the Hall effect in polonium metal has also been reported (90). In chemical properties the metal is very similar to tellurium, the most striking resemblance being in its reactions with concentrated sulfuric acid (or sulfur trioxide) and with concentrated selenic acid. The products are the bright red solids, PoSOs and... 

A basic arsenate, 2BiAs04.3Bi 203, has been prepared by the action of sodium arsenate upon an ammoniacal solution of bismuth citrate.3 It forms a gelatinous precipitate which resembles the corresponding phosphate in its chemical properties. 

Stannacyclopentane, 1,1-dimethylring opening, 1, 608 Stannacyclopentanes, 1, 605-609 chemical properties, 1, 607-608 insertion reactions by sulfodiimides, 1, 608 ring opening, 1, 608 synthesis, 1, 605-607 Stannacyclopent-3-enes synthesis, 1, 616 Stannacyclopropanes synthesis, 1, 581 Stannaindanes formation, 1, 581 7-Stannanorbornadiene decomposition, 1, 619 Stannin, dihydroreplacement of tin with arsenic, antimony or bismuth, 1, 553 Stannoles... 

Atomic Weight.—The chemical properties of caesium indicate its close relationship to the other alkali-metals. It is univalent, forming compounds of the type CsX, its atomic weight and hydrogen equivalent being the same. Its atomic weight is of the order Cs =133 a value conformed by the specific-heat method (Vol. I., p. 88) by the isomorphism of the caesium compounds with those of potassium, ammonium, and rubidium (Vol. I., p. 74) by the correspondence of the properties of the metal and its compounds with the periodic system by the formation of a univalent cation and by the depression of the freezing-point of bismuth chloride and mercuric chloride produced by caesium chloride. 

Bismuth Molybdate Catalysts. The Raman spectra of the bismuth molybdates, with Bi/Mo stoichiometric ratios between 0.67 and 14, have been examined using the FLS approach (see Section 3.2). " The bismuth molybdates fall into an unusual class of compounds, the ternary bismuth oxide systems Bi-M-0 (where M = Mo, W, V, Nb, and Ta) which exhibit a variety of interesting physical and chemical properties. Of commercial importance, the bismuth molybdates are heterogeneous catalysts for selective oxidations and ammoxidations (the Sohio process), for example, propylene ( 311 ) to acrolein (C3H4O) by oxidation or to acrylonitrile (C3H3N) by arrunoxidation. ... 

Cerium (Ce, at. mass 140.12), which is the most popular rare-earth element, occurs also in the IV oxidation state. In chemical properties, cerium(IV) resembles Th and U(IV). The yellow Ce(OH)4 precipitates at pH 1. Cerium(III) is oxidized to Ce(lV) in acidic media by bismuthate, silver(II) oxide, or persulphate (in the presence of Ag ). 

A lot of important information about the chemical elements is contained in a periodic table. The periodic table is a tabular illustration of the elements. Each element is listed with its chemical symbol and atomic number. The layout of the periodic table demonstrates a series of related, or periodic, chemical properties. Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (the number of protons). Elements with similar properties fall into the same vertical columns. Elements with atomic numbers 83 or higher (above bismuth) are unstable and undergo radioactive decay over time. There aie many examples of this table and some of the interactive versions on the Internet provide many details about the full name of the element, isotopes, atomic mass, and other information. 

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