Biotechnology biosynthesis pathway

Steinbtichel, A. (2001) Perspedives for biotechnological production and utilization of biopolymers metabolic engineering of polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis pathways as a successful example. Macromol. Biosci., 1,1-24. 

Solaiman DK, Ashby RD (2005) Rapid genetic characterization of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthase and its applications. Biomacromolecules 6 532-537 Song JJ, Yoon SC (1996) Biosynthesis of novel aromatic copolyesters from insoluble 11-phenoxyundecanoic acid by Pseudomonas putida BMOl. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 536-544 Steinbiichel A (2001) Perspectives for biotechnological production and utilisation of biopolymers metabohc engineering of poly-hydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis pathways as a successful example. Macromol Biosci 1 1-24... 

Although the alkaloid field is a very old one, it is still in its infancy with regard to understanding its biosynthesis pathways enzymology and their regulation. Exploitation of the biotechnological potential of alkaloid biosynthesis has only just begun. 

The key enzymes involved in the formation of the hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) from phenylalanine and malonyl-CoA are now discussed in detail, while later sections address the branches of the flavonoid pathway leading to anthocyanins, aurones, flavones, flavonols, PAs, and isotlavonoids. This is followed by brief reviews of the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and the use of flavonoid genes in plant biotechnology. To assist the reader. Figure 3.1 presents the carbon numbering for the various flavonoid types discussed. 

Figure 4 Microbial cell factory for biosynthesis of PHAs. The system is operated by three main biotechnological approaches fermentation technology, pathway engineering, and enzyme engineering. Monomer-supplying pathways are explained in the text.

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