Biosyn

Bacteria require p-aminobenzoic acid to biosyn thesize folic acid a growth factor Structurally sul fanilamide resembles p-aminobenzoic acid and is mistaken for it by the bacteria Folic acid biosynthesis IS inhibited and bacterial growth is slowed suffi ciently to allow the body s natural defenses to effect a cure Because animals do not biosynthesize folic acid but obtain it in their food sulfanilamide halts the growth of bacteria without harm to the host... 

In spite of the number of different structural types lipids share a common biosyn thetic origin m that they are ultimately derived from glucose During one stage of car bohydrate metabolism called glycolysis glucose is converted to lactic acid Pyruvic acid IS an intermediate... 

The word essential as applied to naturally occurring organic substances can have two different meanings For example as used m the previous section with respect to fatty acids essential means necessary Lmoleic acid is an essential fatty acid it must be included m the diet for animals to grow properly because they lack the ability to biosyn thesize it directly... 

Isotope incorporation experiments have demonstrated the essential correctness of the scheme presented m this and preceding sections for terpene biosynthesis Considerable effort has been expended toward its detailed elaboration because of the common biosyn thetic origin of terpenes and another class of acetate derived natural products the steroids... 

FIGURE 26 10 The biosyn thetic conversion of squa lene to cholesterol proceeds through lanosterol Lano sterol IS formed by enzyme catalyzed cyclization of the 2 3 epoxide of squalene... 

Methyl group (Section 2 7) The group —CH3 Mevalonic acid (Section 26 10) An intermediate in the biosyn thesis of steroids from acetyl coenzyme A Micelle (Section 19 5) A sphencal aggregate of species such as carboxylate salts of fatty acids that contain a lipophilic end and a hydrophilic end Micelles containing 50-100 car boxylate salts of fatty acids are soaps Michael addition (Sections 18 13 and 21 9) The conjugate ad dition of a carbanion (usually an enolate) to an a 3 unsatu rated carbonyl compound... 

Glycomer-631 (6) is a terpolymer produced by the bulk polymerisation of a mixture of 60% glycoHde, 14% 2,5- -dioxanone, and 26% trimethylene carbonate. The suture is distributed under the trade name Biosyn. It is claimed to retain approximately 40% of its strength three weeks after implantation and to be absorbed completely in 90 to 110 days. 

Epoxide ring-opening witli transfer of an sp carbon moiety was applied in a sbori syntliesis [44] of eicosanoid 56 [45], relevant in marine prostanoid biosyn-tliesis (Scheme 9.13). Honioallyl alcohol 55 was obtained in good yield from 54 by use of a cyano-G dman alketiylciiprate [46]. 

Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 systems are found in steroidogenic tissues such as adrenal cortex, testis, ovary, and placenta and are concerned with the biosyn-... 

It is clear that production of cannabinoids should be controllable to obtain a constant quahty of certain cannabinoids. With the knowledge of the biosyn-... 

Gallic acid is present in tea leaf and is a known reactant during the complex enzymatic and organochemical reactions that occur when tea components are oxidized.51 The gallic and quinic acids originate via the shikimate/arogenate pathway. The key enzymes in shikimic acid biosyn-... 

The types of structures identified as pheromones will not be discussed in this review but can be found in the other chapters of this book. However, the type of structures utilized will give clues as to how these compounds are biosyn-... 

MecE04.16 GenW 145 31123 NADPH-dep. nitrile reductase, queuosine biosyn. pr. QueF... 

MolI14.28c FosG 118 29761 3 -Phospholyase or queuosine biosyn. pr. QueD... 

CS029 Suzuki, T. and E. Takahashi. Biosyn- CS040 thesis of caffeine b tea leaf extracts. 

The 20 common amino acids are required in large amounts for protein synthesis, and E. coli can synthesize all of them. The genes for the enzymes needed to synthesize a given amino acid are generally clustered in an operon and are expressed whenever existing supplies of that amino acid are inadequate for cellular requirements. When the amino acid is abundant, the biosyn-... 

Despite their fascinating pharmacological properties, prostaglandins are difficult drugs to administer because, in addition to their natural scarcity, they are rapidly inactivated by enzymatic degradation and interact nonselectively with tissues and cells. Despite these difficulties, biosynthetic production of PGs has not met increasing demand. Biosyn-... 

Pathogen induces necrotic response, -phenylprop biosyn. 

Steroidogenic type - steroids, bile acids, cholesterol, prostaglandin biosyn thesis. 

Biosynthesis of (R)-/J-Tyrosine and (R)-/f-Dopa in Cortinarius violaceus Fruit bodies of the higher fungus Cortinarius violaceus produce (R)-/ -dopa 44 [63], The biosyn-... 

Biosyn, from wood sugars, IV, 186 Biotin, IV, 97 Birectifier, IV, 78... 

The source of organic osmolytes that might seem most advantageous in terms of biosyn-... 

---