Biomolecules and synthetic

CHIRAL SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES FROM BIOMOLECULES AND SYNTHETIC ANALOGUES Martinus C. Feiters and Roeland J. M. Nolte... 

APs are nonspecific metalloenzymes that hydrolyze phosphate monoesters optimally at alkaline pH. They liberate inorganic phosphate from many types of molecules including nucleotides, proteins and other biomolecules, and synthetic alkyl and aryl phosphate esters. Probably the most-studied phosphatase of all is the AP from... 

MALDI— A Technique Useful for Both Biomolecules and Synthetic Polymers... 

The make-up of this volume of Advances deviates somewhat from the accustomed format, even though the major themes of advances in carbohydrate structural methodology, synthetic methods related to important biomolecules, and structural characterization of key natural carbohydrates are all represented. 

WR Gombotz, AS Hoffman. Immobilization of biomolecules and cells on and within synthetic polymer hydrogels. In NA Peppas, ed. Hydrogels in Medicine and Pharmacy, Vol I. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 1986, pp 95-126. 

In general, biomolecules such as proteins and enzymes display sophisticated recognition abilities but their commercial viability is often hampered by their fragile structure and lack of long term stability under processing conditions [69]. These problems can be partially overcome by immobilization of the biomolecules on various supports, which provide enhanced stability, repetitive and continuous use, potential modulation of catalytic properties, and prevention of microbial contaminations. Sol-gel and synthetic polymer-based routes for biomolecule encapsulation have been studied extensively and are now well established [70-72]. Current research is also concerned with improving the stability of the immobilized biomolecules, notably enzymes, to increase the scope for exploitation in various... 

Decomposition of Angeli s salt in aerobic, highly alkaline solution produces ONOO- (159) (Eq. 9), suggesting a possible source of the cytotoxicity of this donor compound. The inability to observe ONOO- at neutral pH (159) was often assumed to be a result of the pH-dependent decomposition rate of ONOO (106). However, detailed examination revealed that Angeli s salt and synthetic ONOO- exhibited dramatically distinct profiles of one-electron oxidation, nitration, hydroxylation, cytotoxicity, DNA cleavage, dependence on C02, and reactivity with a variety of biomolecules (148, 167). This indicates that the oxidative intermediate cannot arise simply through formation of ONOO-. 

Recently a field of science called Life Science has been developed and its further development as a synthetic science which is related to a wide range of scientific fields is expected in the future. The aim of life science is to investigate the structure and properties of biomolecules that govern life activity, to elucidate the mechanism of the reactions of biomolecules, and to utilize the aspects of biomolecules for reactions in vitro. There are a number of polymeric compounds in vivo, such as proteins, that are related directly to life phenomena and nucleic acids that control the transmission of genetic information. To understand the functionality of these biopdymers and to exploit useful functional materials, an investigation on Biologically Important Polymers should be based on polymer chenustry. 

Volume 8 is devoted to the coordination chemistry of metal ions that are involved in biological processes. Throughout this volume, relevant biochemical issues are discussed, but the focus is primarily on structure, function, and properties of the metal centers in biomolecules. Relevant synthetic models and/or functional mimics are included, but the majority of complexes prepared as potential models are discussed in Volumes 2-6. 

The format and the preparation of protein microarrays depends on the nature of the immobilised biomolecule and its application. While peptide arrays are manufactured synthetically directly on the support [14], proteins are delivered using either pin-based spotting or liquid microdispensing. To date, the most com-... 

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