Biomineralization carbonate/sulfate mineralization

Biomineralization, 36 137-139 calcium carbonate, 36 163-167 in algae, 36 166-167 gravity sensors, 36 164-166 carbonate/sulfate mineralization mechanisms, 36 171-175... 

Calcium is probably the most widely distributed element in biominerals, particularly in the hard parts of organisms, like teeth and bones. With the recognition that numerous minerals based on a great number of cations (among which figure Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) as hydroxides, oxides, sulfides, sulfates, carbonates, and phosphates, the more restrictive term calcification has given way to the more global biomineralisation . 

Biominerals can be formed from a number of metal ions, including Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn with appropriate anions such as carbonate, phosphate, oxalate, sulfate, oxides, and sulfides. More than 60 different biological minerals are known, a few of which are listed in Table 19.1. Calcium carbonates and phosphates alone constitute a major part of... 

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