Biological tissue cobalt

Extraction methods using 8-hydroxyqulnoline (oxine) have been applied to the separation of 10.5-minute Co 111 in the neutron activation analysis of cobalt in biological tissue samples (133), and for the separation of 24-minute U2 in neutron activation analysis (56). 

Cobalt is quantified in biological tissues by atomic absorption spectrometry and by ICP-MS. ... 

A number of instrumental methods have been used to determine ppb levels of cobalt in water (4,5,6), biological tissues (7,8), and air particulates (9, 10). Kinetic methods are capable of measuring sub-parts-per-billion (11,12). Potentially any of these techniques could be used in the analysis of petroleum, but only neutron activation analysis (I, 3) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (13,14) have been applied to any appreciable extent. Flame and heated vaporization atomic absorption techniques were selected for more detailed study by the Project because atomic absorption is sensitive, subject to relatively few interferences, and is rather generally available. 

Iyengar, G.V., Kasperek, K. and Feinendegen, LE. (1978) Retention of the metabolized trace elements in biological tissues following drying procedures. I. Antimony, cobalt, iodine, mercury, selenium and zinc in rat tissues. Sci. Tot. Environ., 10,1-16. 

Diphoterine is a polyvalent, hypertonic, amphoteric, chelating hquid. The Equid nature rinses off surface contaminants. Its hypertonicity reduces the penetration of chemicals into the tissue by wicking the chemical agent out of tissue. The amphoteric nature neutralizes acids and bases. Also, Diphoterine can chelate radionuclides such as strontium, cobalt, cesium, or uranium and anions, such as oxalate, but doesn t chelate calcium or magnesium, which would cause biological damage to cells. 

A very considerable number of elements has been shown to occur in a wide range of animal tissues and fluids in such minute amounts that they can appropriately be described as traces. Numerous studies of biological materials from widely separated sources have established the fact that copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, chromium, tin, silicon, titanium, lead rubidium, lithium, molybdenum, arsenic, fluorine, bromine, barium, and strontium are commonly present in low concentrations in blood, milk, and tissues of higher animals, and other metals, such as silver, gold, boron, cadmium, and cerium are occasionally present. No doubt others will be detected as more-refined analytical methods are developed. 

The total amount of cobalt in the human body is <1.5 mg. The liver contains approximately 0.11 mg/kg of cobalt, skeletal muscle 0.2 mg/kg, bones 0.28 mg/kg, hairs 0.31 mg/kg, adipose tissue 0.36 mg/kg and blood about 0.3 pg/1 (mostly in plasma). The main biologically active compound of cobalt is vitamin Bj2. 

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