Biological temperature

Observe atoms not directly bonded to metal magnetization transferred at a distance Observe at normal biological temperatures Determine bulk magnetic susceptibility... 

Technology has spawned the development of many man-made liquid crystals. However, it should be noted that most organic hydrocarbons can exist in a liquid crystalline configuration. When they exist within a very limited temperature range, they may exhibit unusual properties. This range is frequently defined as the biological temperature range. 

In summary, we can integrate the century-old concept of activation energy with this newer view of enzyme function as follows. Whereas the remarkable abilities of enzymes to catalyze high rates of covalent chemistry at biological temperatures are due to enzymes abilities to reduce activation energies of chemical reactions, for many and perhaps most... 

Drost-Hansen, W. (1956). Temperature anomalies and biological temperature optima in the process of evolution. Naturwissenschaften 43,511. 

Pang X-F. The lifetime of the soliton in the improved Davydov model at the biological temperature 300 K for protein molecules Eur Phys J B 2001 19 297-316. 

At biological temperature (—0.6 kcal/mol) pG x 0.1, and averages over G and a handful of other macrostates are adequate for computing thermodynamics properties. For simplicity, we focus on finding G, but the same... 

F. Sciortino, M.U. Palma, D.W. Urry, and K.U. Prasad, Nucleation and Accretion of Bioelas-tomeric Fibers at Biological Temperatures and Low Concentrations, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 157,1061-1066,1988. 

The close correspondence of many of the hydroxyl groups in sugars with oxygen positions in the ice lattice probably correlates best with water at certain temperatures (that is, an ice lattice with slightly expanded dimensions to fit water oxygen distances at biological temperatures). 

Figure 9 shows the remarkable toughness improvement for PLA as a small amount of PHBHx is added. The fortuitous increase of the property of PLA/PHBHx blends is believed to be related to the suppressed crystallization of very finely dispersed PHA particles. It is well known that PHAs do not readily crystallize when they are very finely dispersed as discrete domains ( S fim). The retardation of the crystallization is a result of the relatively low frequency of spontaneous nucleation of PHAs. The nucleation rate of PHB at biological temperatures, for example, is estimated to be less than one event per cubic millimeter per second (75). Therefore, under very finely dispersed state, the probability of nucleating all the segregated PHA particles becomes extremely low. Indeed this is how bacteria maintain PHA granules in their body in the amorphous state over their lifetime (76). 

Proteins, however, must function at biological temperatures, and to be useful, the Davydov soliton must survive at these temperatures. The first difficulty faced by the Davydov/Scott model was the question of the thermal stability of the Davydov soliton. The Davydov/Scott Hamiltonian includes two systems one, the amide I vibration, is treated as a quantum mechanical entity and the second, the vibrations of the peptide groups as a whole (or the changes in the hydrogen bond lengths) are very often treated classically, an approximation that shall be designated here as the mixed quantum-classical approximation. The first simulations of the Davydov/Scott model at finite temperature were performed within the mixed quantum/classical model and coupled the classical part of the system to a classical bath. The result was that the localized excitation dispersed in a few picoseconds at biological temperatures. However, this result clashed with another obtained in Monte... 

The relationship between the amino acid sequence and the structure of the native conformation of proteins represents the key unsolved problem of biochemistry and biology. Temperature and chemical perturbation represent the usual approach used in studies of protein stability and the folding problem. However, it is advantageous to use pressure to study protein solutions as pressure perturbs the protein environment in a controlled way by changing... 

UV radiation oxidation hydrolysis chemical radioactive biological temperature... 

Effective controls are omissions of ribosomes, template, nucleoside triphosphates, amino acids and magnesium. Omissions of protein fraction, tRNA and of monovalent ions also inhibit to some extent. Enzyme synthesis depends of course on incubation at biological temperatures. The final yields of enzymes were equal within the temperature range of 28° to 37°, but were progressively less at temperatures below 28°. The speed of synthesis, of course, varies with temperature. Other controls are addition of templates which do not carry the information for the protein to be tested, and the use of various antibiotics. 

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