Biological functions, electrochemistry

Carbon electrodes can be made from a number of various crystalline forms of carbon. The two most common versions are the carbon paste electrode and the glassy carbon electrode. In Chapter 11, devoted to the electrochemistry of biological functions, it will be seen that pyrolytic graphite electrodes have also found wide application. Recently, attempts to use carbon-nanotube electrodes have been also proposed.9... 

Laccase, 36 318, 329, 40 122 see also Blue copper oxidases amino-acid sequences, 40 141 anaerobic reduction, 40 158-160 biological function, 40 124 electrochemistry, 36 360 fungal, 40 145-152 evolution, 40 153-154 inhibition, 40 162 kinetic properties, 40 157-162 molecular and spectroscopic properties, 40 125-126... 

Electrochemistry is the study of the redox processes by which chemical energy is converted to electrical energy and vice versa. Electrochemical processes are useful in industry and critically important for biological functioning. 

A good experimental model for biomembranes should possess a lipid bilayer structure, onto as well as into which functional entities can be embedded. Thus, since the 1960s, the two most widely used model membranes have been BLMs, also referred to as planar lipid bilayers and spherical liposomes. Planar BLMs and spherical liposomes are complementary to each other, since both types are derived from common amphipathic lipids and related compounds. Both are excellent model membrane systems, and have been extensively employed for investigations into a variety of physical, chemical, and biological functions. In the remainder of this chapter on membrane electrochemistry, the focus will be mainly on planar BLMs, because they are easily and have been investigated electrochemically (for K-posomes, see Refs. [3, 12, 34]). As a result... 

Bioelectrochemistry is a science at the junction of many other sciences electrochemistry, biophysics, biochemistry, electrophysiology, and others. The biological systems are extremely diverse in their constitution and detailed mechanism of functioning each system has its own specific morphological and physiological features. In contrast to electrophysiology, bioelectrochemistry is concerned only with the... 

Electroactive dendrimers are defined as those that contain functional groups capable of undergoing fast electron transfer reactions [85], The combination of specific electron transfer properties of redox active probes with the unique structural properties of dendrimers offers attractive prospects of their exploitation in electrocatalytic processes of biological and industrial importance [86], Further, the interest in dendrimers containing electroactive units also relies on the fact that electrochemistry is a powerful technique to elucidate the structure and purity of dendrimers, to evaluate the degree of electronic interaction of their chemically and/or topologically equivalent or non- equivalent moieties, and also to study their endo- and exo-receptor capabilities [87],... 

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