Biological and Physiological Properties

1957) or weakly acidic ion-exchange resins (such as Amberlite XE-64) [Ishii, 1960 (2)]. It can also be done by the precipitation method (Callanan et al., 1957). 

Protamine also forms insoluble complexes with polysaccharides [Przylecki et al. 1935 (1, 2) 1936], polysaccharide acids (Chargaff et al., 1937, 1938), nucleic acids (Warburg and Christian, 1939), fatty acids (Jukes and Scpimidt, 1935), proteins [Kossel, 1896 (2)], viruses (Chambers and Henle, 1941 Warren et al., 1949) etc. Most of the precipitates, however, can be redissolved by the addition of salts. This property can therefore be utilized for removal of contaminant and for concentration of various materials during purification [Ross, 1954 (1, 2) Chamberlin and Berg, 1962 Philipps and West, 1964]. 

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Analysis of Amino Acids. Differentiation of the l- and D-forms of amino acids is essential because they differ in their biological and physiological properties. Although chromatographic columns that effect separations of chiral compounds could be used for analysis of solutions of these acids, a combination of a reactor containing a stereoselective immobilized enzyme and a chromatographic system provides the necessary selectivity for such analyses. 

This copolymers have a variety of biological and physiological properties, ranging from antifungal, bacteriostatic, and most important, antiviral and antitumor effects [171,172]. 

Simple tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids are obtained upon condensation of phenylethylamines and catecholamines with carbonyl compounds. In a subsequent Mannich-hke reaction, the biosynthetic equivalent to a Pictet-Spengler reaction, the heterocyclic ring system is established. Numerous examples of simple tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids have been isolated from different plant sources. Several of these tyrosine-derived secondary metabolites exhibit intriguing biological and physiological properties, due to their structural relationship to catecholamines and phenylethylamines. 

It is noteworthy that many proteins in the monolayer state retain their enzymatic activity and are capable of taking part in specific chemical reactions. For this reason the colloid-chemical methods used to investigate the properties of protein films, combined with other techniques, represent valuable tools for the study of the properties of proteins. These methods allow one to examine more closely mechanisms of transport phenomena that take place at cellar interfaces in biological systems. The latter are the interfaces at which the accumulation of surface active substances with biological and physiological activity occur. These substances, when present at such interfaces, reveal their important unique properties (e.q. enzymatic activity). 

Table III describes the characteristics of the test substance to be considered. Although in the case of carcinogenesis, we do not know the mechanisms involved, there are inherent biological and chemical properties which can indicate limits to the potential reactivity of chemicals with mammalian cell constituents. These include chemical similarity to other known toxins, binding or adduct formation with cell macromolecules, genotoxicity or activity in short-term tests for carcinogenicity, metabolic and pharmacokinetic data, and other pertinent physiological, pharmacological or biochemical properties.

Absorption and elimination of therapeutic active agents depend upon the physiochemical, nficro-biological, and pharmaceutical properties of dosage form and also depend upon the eye anatomy and physiology. 

Uragami et al. 2001). Their properties are closely related to their chemical structures, composition, sequence, DA, and molecular size. An insight into the biological and physiological functions of chitin and chitosan at the molecular level require a precise knowledge on the primary and secondary structures. 

Cresol and hippuric acid are included among uremic toxins. p-Cresol (4-methylphenol) is a volatile, low-molecular-weight phenolic compound that is largely protein-bound, mainly to albumin, with partial lipophilic properties. It is related to several biochemical, biological, and physiological functions at concentrations currently observed in uremia. 

A new field of application for C/C composites is given in bioengineering. Due to the excellent biocompatibility of carbon, connected with the possibility to tailor the mechanical properties to the requirements of the biological and physiological surroundings, C/C composites can be used as prosthetic material for joint replace-... 

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