Biodegradation 2.4- dichlorophenol

Kohring, G.-W., Rogers, J.E., and Wiegel, J. Anaerobic biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in freshwater lake sediments at different temperatures, Appl Environ. Microbiol., 55(2) 348-353, 1989. 

Beltrame, P., Beltrame, P. L., Carniti, P. Pitea, D. (1982). Kinetics of biodegradation of mixtures containing 2,4-dichlorophenol in a continuous stirred reactor. Water Research,... 

Chudoba, J., Albokova, J., Lentge, B. Kiimmel, R. (1989). Biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by activated sludge microorganisms. Water Research, 23, 1439—42. 

Trichlorophenoxvacetic Acid. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol, the hydrolysis product of 2,4,5-T, did not condition the soil for enhanced biodegradation of 14C-2,4,5-T (Table I). The 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, unlike 2,4-dichlorophenol, did not serve as a suitable microbial substrate. 

Much work has been carried out on these compounds. For example, in the study [43] an assessment of the impact of the chloroorganic compounds on the hydrosphere is presented, including monochlorophenols and dichlorophenols in another paper [44] the effect of the quality of sediments on biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in the Delaware River was studied. 

Biodegradation of 2,4-D is affected strongly by the pH value of the culture. At a pH of <5.1, there is extensive accumulation of its metabolite, 2,4-dichlorophenol, which inhibits the biodegradation completely (Sinton et al. 1987). The authors noted that biodegradation ceased completely when the concentration of the metabolite reached 44 mg/L. The highest growth rates (Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9340) occurred at pH... 

S. A. Daignault. 1987. Anaerobic semi-contin-uous culture biodegradation of dichlorophenols containing an ortho chlorine. Water Pollut. Res. J. Can. 22(3) 427-36. 

Quan, X. Shi, H. Zhang. Y. Wang,). Qian, Y., Biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in an air-lift honeycomb-like ceramic reactor. Process Biochem. 2003, 38, 1545-1551. 

Reports on the biodegradative pathway of 2,4-D have shown that the ether bond in 2,4-D is cleaved oxidatively a 2,4-D monooxygenase [137]. The resulting 2,4-dichlorophenol is then hydroi lated by a 2,4-dichlorophenol hydro lase to yield 3,5-dichlQrocatechol [137], which is further cleaved by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase to 2,4-dichloromuconic add [131]. Further steps, including lactonization, delactonization, and chloride release to yield tricarboxylic add ( cle intermediates have been discussed more recently by Pieper et al. [80]. 

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