Biodegradable polymers and plastics

Biodegradable polymers and plastics are readily divided into three broad classifications (/) natural, (2) synthetic, and (J) modified natural. These classes may be further subdivided for ease of discussion, as follows (/) natural polymers (2) synthetic polymers may have carbon chain backbones or heteroatom chain backbones and (J) modified natural may be blends and grafts or involve chemical modifications, oxidation, esterification, etc. 

Chiellini E, Solaro R (eds) (2003) Recent Advances in Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim... 

Doi Y, Kumagai Y, Tanahashi N, Mukai K (1992) In VertM (ed) Biodegradable polymers and plastics. Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp 139-148... 

Chiellini, E. and Solaro, R. 2003. Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics. Kluwer, New York. 

Boesel, L. F., Mano, J. F., Elvira, C., San Roman, J., Reis, R. L. (2003). Hydrogels and hydrophilic partially degradable bone cements based on biodegradable blends incorporating starch. In E. Chiellini (Ed.), Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht. 

Germany, 1990 M. Vert, J. Feijin, A. Albertsson, G. Scott, and E. Chiellini, eds., Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific Workshop on Biodegradable Polymers and Plastic, Montpelier, France, Nop. 25—27, 1991, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1992. 

Bastioli C, Bellotti V, Del Guidice L, Gilli G. In Vert M, Feijen J, Albertsson A, Scott G, Chiellini E, eds. Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics. Cambridge, UK The Royal Society of Chemistry 1992 101-110. 

Cox MR (1992) International scientific workshop on biodegradable polymers and plastics. 2. Proceedings, Royal Society of Chemistry, Mon ellier, France... 

Pitt, C., Non-microbial degradation of polyesters mechanisms and modifications, in Proceedings of the Second International Scientific Workshop on Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics, Vert M., Feijen J., Albertsson A., Scott G. and Chiellini E., Eds., Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 1992, page 7. 

The ""guide to vocabulary in the domain of degradable and biodegradable polymers and plastics. CEN/TR 15351 2006" proposes the following definitions ... 

Shalaby, S.W, 1994. Biomedical Polymers Designed-to-Degrade Systems, Hanser Publishers, New York. Vert, M., Feijen, J., Albertsson, A., Scott, G. and Chiellini, E., 1992. Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England. 

CEN/TR 15351-2005, Plastics-Guide for Vocabulary in the Field of Degradable and Biodegradable Polymers and Plastic Items... 

Bastioli, C., Bellotti, V, Del Giudice, L. and GiUi, G. (1992) Microstiucture and biodegradability of mater-bi products, in Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics (eds M. Vert, J. Feijem, A. Albertsson et al.). The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK. 

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