Biochemical engineering continuous

FIG. 24-23 Continuous culture with recycle. (A. E. Humphrey, Biochemical Engineering in Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, -ool. 4, July 1977,pp. 359A 94.)... 

In biochemical engineering processes, measurement of dissolved oxygen (DO) is essential. The production of SCP may reach a steady-state condition by keeping the DO level constant, while the viable protein is continuously harvested. The concentration of protein is proportional to oxygen uptake rate. Control of DO would lead us to achieve steady SCP production. Variation of DO may affect retention time and other process variables such as substrate and product concentrations, retention time, dilution rate and aeration rate. Microbial activities are monitored by the oxygen uptake rate from the supplied ah or oxygen. 

Technology for very large (400,000-gallon) continuous fermenters was developed and is being practiced in the United Kingdom. This development pushes biochemical engineering to hmits not yet explored in the United States. 

A number of examples from biochemical engineering are presented in this chapter. The mathematical models are either algebraic or differential and they cover a wide area of topics. These models are often employed in biochemical engineering for the development of bioreactor models for the production of bio-pharmaceuticals or in the environmental engineering field. In this chapter we have also included an example dealing with the determination of the average specific production rate from batch and continuous runs. 

Wilson, G., "Continuous Culture of Plant Cells Using the Chemostat Principle," in Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Vol. 16, Ed. A. Fiechter, New York Springer-Verlag, 1980, pp. 1-25. 

Because of their predictive capabilities, models are also essential tools in modem biochemical engineering for the design of processes and the optimization of media and reactor operational parameters in batch or continuous operation. They can also serve in the development of software sensors to estimate on-line the time variation of the medium composition. 

Ray NG, Tung AS, Hayman EG, Vournakis JN Runstadler PW Jr (1990) Continuous cell culture in fluidized bed reactors cultivation of hybridomas and recombinant CHO cells immobilised in collagen microspheres. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Biochemical Engineering VI 589 443-457. 

Eysmondt, V.J., Vasic-Racki, D., and Wandrey, C. 1993. The continuous production of acetic acid by electrodialysis integrated fermentation. Modeling and computer simulation. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly 7 139-148. 

Kargupta K., Siddhartha D. and Sanyal S.K. Analysis of the performance of a continuous membrane bioreactor with cell recycling during ethanol fermentation. Biochemical Engineering Journal 1 (1) (1998) 31-37. 

Sokol, W, and Migiro, C.L.C. (1996), Controlling a continuous stirred-tank bioreactor degrading phenol in the stability range, The Chemical Engineering Journal and The Biochemical Engineering Journal, 62(1) Cl-12. 

Femandes-Platzgummer A, Diogo MM, da Silva CL. Cabral JMS. Maximizing mouse embryonic stem cell production in a stirred tank reactor by controlling dissolved oxygen concentration and continuous perfusion operation. Biochemical Engineering Journal 2014 82 81-90. 

Pudjiono, P.I., Tavare, N.S., Garside, J. and Nigam, K.D.P. (1992). Residence time distribution from a continuous couette-flow device. Chemical Engineering Journal and The Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 101-110. 

We revisit the different types of models which are essential in model development for the different chemical/biochemical engineering processes. Batch processes are usually of the isolated- or closed-system type, whereas the continuous processes are almost always of the open-system type. 

Al-Zuhair, S., A. Hussein, A. H. Al-Marzouqi, and I. Hashim. 2012. Continuous Production of Biodiesel from Fat Extracted from Lamb Meat in Supercritical COj Media. Biochemical Engineering Journal 60 106-110. 

As noted earlier, different nomenclature has grown up in different branches of science and engineering. For example, in biochemistry and biochemical engineering, a reactant is referred to as a substrate. Continuous stirred-tank reactors frequently are used to study cell growth and to produce commercial quantities of cells. However, it is very likely that the reactor will he called a chemostat, not a CSTR. 

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