Biochemical components, organization

Figure 1.1. Representative organizations of biochemical components. Three component areas of biochemistry—structural, dynamic, and information biochemistry—are represented as organizations in space (dimensions of biomolecules and assemblies), time (rates of typical biochemical processes), and number (number of nucleotides in bioinformatic...

Although this model appeared to work well in calculating decay constants for predominantly labile sources of organic matter such as macro- and microalgae, there were problems with more refractory sources of detrims such as Spartina (Rice and Hanson, 1984). To better describe the decay dynamics of refractory detritus, which generally contain both labile and refractory biochemical components, the following two-G model was developed by Rice and Hanson (1984) ... 

Geolipid decay-resistant biomarkers in sediments because lipids are typically recalcitrant compared with other biochemical components of organic matter. 

Pyrolysis MS (PyMS) has been applied to the characterisation and identification of a variety of microbial systems over a number of years (for reviews see [25-27]) and, because of its high discriminatory ability [28-30], presents a powerful fingerprinting technique applicable to any organic material. Whilst the pyrolysis mass spectra of complex organic mixtures may be expressed in the simplest terms as sub-patterns of spectra describing the pure components of the mixtures and their relative concentrations [24], this may not always be true because during pyrolysis intermolecular reactions can take place in the pyrolysate [31-33]. This leads to a lack of superposition of the spectral components and to a possible dependence of the mass spectrum on sample size [31]. However, suitable numerical methods (or chemometrics) can still be employed to measure the concentrations of biochemical components from pyrolysis mass spectra of complex mixtures. 

Figure 4.3. Fields of proteomic research. Proteomic research can be classified into six general research fields. Proteomic mapping and proteomic profiling constitute the first tier of proteomic analysis based upon identification and quantitation of proteins within a defined space of interest that can range from the entire organism to the protein level. The second tier of proteomic analyses is shown below involving global characterization of structure, function, posttranslational modifications, and association with other proteins (or other biochemical components).

Introduction of functional groups in a molecule that need not essentially resemble metabolites, but are capable of rmdeigoing bonding interactions with important frmctional groups of biochemical components of living organisms affords an important basis for exploration. 

Over the last 50 years, analysis of the individual constituents of DOC in seawater has proven to be challenging to say the least. Recent progress in the field has been based on three approaches the elemental analysis of dissolved organic material, the isolation and spectroscopic analysis of specific fractions of DOC, and the direct analysis and electron microscopy of specific biochemical components of DOC. 

The redox properties of quinones are crucial to the functioning of living cells, where compounds called ubiquinones act as biochemical oxidizing agents to mediate the electron-transfer processes involved in energy production. Ubiquinones, also called coenzymes Q, are components of the cells of all aerobic organisms, from the simplest bacterium to humans. They are so named because of their ubiquitous occurrence in nature. 

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