Biocatalytic fuel cells electron transfer reactions

Biological fuel cells are different from conventional electrochemical fuel cells in various aspects. Biological fuel cells use biocatalysts to drive oxidation and reduction reactions. A biocatalyst can be used to generate fuel substrates through metabolic processes or biocatalytic transformations, or it could partake in the electron transfer that occurs between the fuel substrate and the electrode s surface. The electrolyte layer typical in conventional fuel cells is replaced by a membrane in the biofuel cell, which still allows ion exchange. Biofuel cells usually operate at ambient temperature, atmospheric pressures. 

---