Biocatalytic Cascade Examples

Much progress has been made using the concepts described in the previous section to implement new biocatalytic cascades. The vast majority of these have been examined at laboratory scale, but the following list gives a representative picture of the current state of the art. The cascades are divided into classes, according to the definitions described earlier. 

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Multi-enzymatic catalysts are recognized as the future generation of biocatalysts. They were particularly designed as enzymes encapsulated into hybrid capsules [129]. It has already been proved that the multi-enzymes organization in a single capsule with separated space enhanced the catalytic capacity of the system. Such an example is the dual biocatalyst of formaldehyde and formate dehydrogenases encapsulated in the capsule lumen/wall. It catalyzed the cascade transformation of CO into formaldehyde [132]. Enzymes co-immobilization in separated spaces of the same cavity exhibited higher formaldehyde yields compared to the free enzyme. Also, the recyclability of the biocatalytic system confirmed the superior mechanical stability [132]. 

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