Binder solution, adsorption

The capacity of the powder mixture to bind liquid is one of the parameters that can be used to determine the quantity of binder solution required in wet granulation. Every powder mixture to be granulated has a different adsorption capacity for the solvent or the copovidone solutions, which most effectively minimizes the proportion of fines [483]. 

Formation of the bridge of polymer binder and/or surfactant between the particles Overlap of hydrogen-bonded water molecule on hydrophihc surface of a particle Negative adsorption of solute and polymer by having less affinity for the surface than the solvent... 

Alcaniz-Monge et prepared MSC from a low rank coal and a low cost binder, coal tar pitch. The bituminous coal was steam activated and then impregnated with a suitable solution of a coal tar pitch (coal/pitch ratio 60 40 by weight), then molded in a monolith form and carbonized at temperatures between 700°C to 1200°C. The monolith obtained was characterized by TGA, XRD, and SEM, and the porous structure was determined by adsorption of nitrogen at 77 K and COj at 273 K. The pitch acted as a binder and modified the porosity of the activated carbon, producing a material with molecular sieve properties. The pitch caused an efficient blockage of the pore entrances. The molecular properties were analyzed through the measurement of CH4 and CO2 adsorption kinetics (kinetic diameters 0.38 and 0.33 nm, respectively). 

Studying adsorption from solution of polymer mixtimes is of great interest for the theory of PCM because many binders for composites are two-and more-component systems. The presence of two components determines the specificity of the properties of the boundary layers formed by two different polymeric molecules. From another point of view, as the large majority of polymer pairs is thermodynamically immiscible,there may arise interphase layers between two components in the border layer at the interface. The selectivity of adsorption of various components, which is a typical feature of adsorption from mixture, leads to the change in composition of the border layer as compared with composition in the equilibrium solution. This fact, in turn, determines the non-homogeneity in distribution of components in the direction normal to the solid surface, i.e., creates some compositional profile. As compared with stud3ung adsorption from solution of individual polymers, adsorption from mixture is studied insufficiently. The first investigations in this field were done " for immiscible pair PS-PMMA on silica surface, in conditions remote from the phase separation. It... 

The figure below shows the adsorption of a binder in a paint (solution) onto Ti02 pigments (with a surface area of 14 m g ). Estimate the adsorbed amount of the binder corresponding to one monolayer of a binder molecule per m of pigment. 

The investigations of carbon monoxide adsorption on platinized platinum [29,30] were recently supplemented [31] to allow the establishment of similar relations as on smooth platinum. Sokolsky and coworkers [29, 30] concluded that physical adsorption of carbon monoxide occurs at about 10°C in 0.5 M H2SO4 on platinized platinum. Conversion to CO2 and H2 was postulated for temperatures between 20 ""C to 30°C. Initial conversion and subsequent chemisorption were suggested between 50 °C and 70 °C. Binder, Kohling, and Sandstede [32] concluded from measurements on Raney platinum electrodes in phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid solutions that chemical conversion is the first step in the anodic oxidation of CO at temperatures between 90°C and 150°C. 

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