Billingham, England

Imperial Chemical Industries, Billingham, England, private communication to API Subcommittee on Corrosion. 

Because of the need to avoid mutations and maintain the superior qualities of the genetically developed strain, batch or fed-batch operations are used in most applications. Continuous culture operations, however, provide a time-invariant environment that facilitates greatly the study of a biological process in research laboratories. Moreover, some industrial operations employ continuous reactors, such as the single-cell protein facility of ICI in Billingham, England (total reactor volume of about 2,300 m3), all waste treatment processes, and others. It should be noted that it is relatively common to follow a batch process with a period of fed-batch or continuous operation. Also, in most cases batch cultivation is the optimal start-up procedure for continuous or fed-batch cultivation (Yamane et al, 1977). 

Developed by ICI Katalco first demonstrated at Billingham, England, in 1989 and first operated on a large scale at Yarwun, Queensland, Australia, in 1991. Three versions were subsequently developed HYDECAT TD (total destruction), HYDECAT PD (partial destruction), and HYDECAT ID (integrated destruction). See also ODORGARD. 

D. Shooter Heavy Organic Chemicals Division, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., Billingham, England Now Arthur D. Little, Inc., Acorn Park, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.)... 

Research Department, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., Agricultural Division, P.O. Box 6, Billingham, Cleveland, TS23 1LE, England... 

A. Yes, Imperial Chemicals more or less corresponds to the I.G. Farben of England. They were able to build a large hydrogenation plant as a result of our technical advice and assistance. A celebration was held in England in 1935 when the Billingham plant was put in operation. 

Billingham Belasis Avenue Cleveland TS23 1LQ ENGLAND... 

ICI Chemicals A Polymers Ltd, Catalysis Research Centre, P 0 Box l> BillIngham, Cleveland, TS23 ILfi, England... 

Eutech Engineering Belasis Hall Industrial Estate Billingham, Cleveland, TS234YS, England Tel 01642-372000 E-mail Chris.Evans Eutech.com... 

J. W. Geus Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Debije Institute, University of Utrecht, 3522 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. K. C. Waugh Catalysis Research Centre, ICI Chemicals and Polymers Ltd., Billingham, Cleveland TS23 ILB, England. 

C. W. Hooper ICI Katalco, Billingham, Cleveland TS23 ILB, England. 

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